Ghada Ismail

As governments and municipalities worldwide accelerate their digital transformation, artificial intelligence is becoming a cornerstone of modern urban management. From improving public safety and optimizing infrastructure to enabling faster, data-driven decision-making, AI technologies are reshaping how cities operate and respond to the needs of their citizens. This shift toward smarter governance has created new opportunities for technology companies developing integrated platforms that help authorities transform vast amounts of urban data into actionable intelligence.

Integra City, headquartered in Dubai, specializes in transforming how cities and governments manage infrastructure, security, and public services through integrated digital platforms. Sharikat Mubasher interviewed Ilya Belyakov, Chief Technical Officer at Integra City, who shared insights about the company and its mission. In this interview, Belyakov discusses how artificial intelligence is reshaping Integra City’s core offerings, the development of AI‑enabled solutions for city and government leaders, and the company’s vision for expansion, including its exploration of opportunities in the Saudi market.

How is AI transforming your core business operations, products, or services?
AI has become an incredibly powerful tool across every aspect of our work. I remember a few years ago, when I was defending my PhD in Canada, we were only starting to explore the first versions of AI. Back then, professors were skeptical, warning that students were relying too much on AI and that it would never work effectively. Look at today—AI has evolved dramatically. New versions of models like Gemini and ChatGPT provide deep insights and efficiency gains that were unimaginable just a few years ago.

At Integra City, AI is enhancing not just our software and hardware development but also our research and operational processes. Even though many AI tools aren’t yet fully secure for sensitive work, we find creative ways to integrate them to accelerate development and innovation. Some people say AI is a bubble, but I think technology always progresses. AI isn’t just a trend—it’s becoming foundational to how we operate.

What recent AI innovations excite you most at Integra City?
Initially, our work focused heavily on computer vision. We developed our own cameras and smart imaging systems, collaborating with various hardware manufacturers to create tools that analyze and interpret visual data.

But now, with the rise of large language models (LLMs), we see new opportunities to enhance city and government management. These models can process vast amounts of data and provide actionable insights. For example, they can help decision-makers understand complex patterns in city operations, anticipate problems, and prioritize interventions more effectively.

At Integra City, we’re exploring AI tools that can inform not only city planning but also regional and national governance. It’s about giving leaders the intelligence to act proactively rather than reactively.

How do Integra City’s AI chatbots support officials in making proactive, data-driven decisions?
We designed our chatbots specifically for management teams within cities, not for public use. For example, imagine a police chief responsible for a district with high crime rates. Our chatbot can analyze data from surveillance systems, emergency response logs, officer performance, and technology deployments. Based on that, it provides actionable recommendations—maybe increasing patrols in certain areas, hiring additional staff, upgrading technology, or optimizing workflows.

This is all part of our flagship product, InCore. InCore integrates all aspects of smart and safe city operations into one ecosystem, allowing different departments and ministries to collaborate efficiently. It’s not just about collecting data—it’s about turning information into insights that decision-makers can use immediately to improve citizen safety, resource allocation, and overall city management.

Are you considering collaborations or partnerships in the Saudi market?
Saudi Arabia is a new market for us, so we’re currently exploring opportunities. While we haven’t operated there yet, we have extensive experience in dozens of countries, primarily in Eastern and Southern Africa, East Asia, and some Middle Eastern markets, with our headquarters in Dubai.

We hope to enter the Saudi market soon. Participation in industry events like GITEX would be a strategic way to introduce our solutions. Tentatively, we’re looking at the first quarter of next year—January through March—to start engaging with local partners and stakeholders for our entry into the Saudi Market.

Which sectors in Saudi Arabia do you think are most ready for AI transformation?
In most markets, we start with safety, and Saudi Arabia is no different. Safety is broad—it includes citizen safety, tourist safety, and data protection. It’s also connected to smart city initiatives, sustainable urban development, and improving the quality of life. AI can enhance public safety, optimize city operations, and even contribute to sustainable urban planning by analyzing traffic, energy consumption, and public services.

We see Saudi Arabia as a region ready to embrace AI in both governance and infrastructure, creating opportunities to deploy innovative, data-driven solutions at scale.

How does Integra City approach responsible and ethical AI deployment?
Responsible AI is critical, especially when working with governments. We strictly adhere to local regulations in every market we operate in. You can’t bring your own rules and expect a ministry or government body to adopt them.

Our solutions are adaptable. We design them to integrate seamlessly into existing government workflows and regulations. Governments are large, complex systems, and imposing a new framework without understanding local procedures can break the mechanism. So, we focus on fitting our tools into existing structures while maximizing efficiency and impact. Ethical deployment is about respecting local laws, procedures, and the operational realities of each city or country.

How do you envision AI shaping the broader business landscape in Saudi Arabia?
It’s a challenging question since Saudi Arabia is a new market for us. But looking at the broader Middle East, the region is becoming an AI hub, attracting talent, companies, and innovation. AI adoption is growing across sectors, from government services to infrastructure, and Saudi Arabia, as one of the largest and most influential countries in the region, is following this trajectory.

We expect AI to drive efficiency, innovation, and smarter decision-making across businesses and government institutions. In the near future, cities will be safer, operations more transparent, and public services more responsive—all powered by AI technologies. Saudi Arabia has the potential to become a leading example of AI-driven transformation in the region.

Noha Gad

Transforming Saudi Arabia into a global sports powerhouse is one of the key objectives of Vision 2030. The Kingdom is moving steadily towards this goal by investing heavily in leagues, mega-events, and infrastructure, such as smart stadiums, all supercharged by leading-edge artificial intelligence (AI). Between 2020 and the first quarter (Q1) of 2025, Saudi entities injected investments worth SAR $7 billion across global and local sports assets, according to the ‘Saudi Arabia Sports Business & Tech Report 2025.’ In 2024, the Saudi sports market was valued at $8.4 billion, the report showed, anticipating the market to hit $22.5 billion by 2030. 

Regarding infrastructure development, the Kingdom is establishing smart stadiums, prioritizing renovations, smart features, and sustainable designs. Smart or digital stadiums in Saudi Arabia are advanced, technology-driven sports venues designed to create sustainable, high-performance, and immersive entertainment spaces for key sports events, notably the FIFA World Cup 2034.

These stadiums are not just structures for sports but integrated digital ecosystems featuring AI-powered operations, IoT sensors, high-speed 5G connectivity, and sustainable, energy-efficient designs.

The Kingdom’s innovative, robust, and state-of-the-art stadium strategy aims to offer fans a world-class match day experience. It comprises 15 proposed stadiums across five diverse host cities, including NEOM Stadium, the 46,000-seat arena set to be built 350 meters above ground inside "The Line" in NEOM; King Salman International Stadium, Saudi Arabia’s largest stadium with a capacity of 92,000 fans; Aramco Stadium, the 800,000 square meters facility that will catalyze health and wellness programs, featuring cutting-edge technology and an integrated cooling system; and Qiddiya Coast Stadium, the multi-purpose entertainment complex planned to be completed in 2032.

A significant milestone in advancing the Saudi sports sector is HUMAIN’s recent acquisition of ai.io, a London-headquartered artificial intelligence and sports technology company, to launch HUMAIN Sport to expand access to sport and improve outcomes at every level, from grassroots participation to elite performance. Combining the capabilities of HUMAIN and ai.io, the new joint venture will deliver integrated AI platforms designed to support the Saudi sports ecosystem. These solutions will enable broader participation in sport, data-driven athlete development, enhanced performance analysis, intelligent facilities, and new forms of digital and fan engagement.

Through this acquisition, HUMAIN will leverage ai.io’s existing products, technical expertise, and global sports relationships to accelerate international expansion, while ai.io will benefit from HUMAIN’s AI infrastructure, platforms, strategic partnerships, and commercial scale to support the delivery of AI-powered sports solutions.

This transaction marks a game-changer, enabling everything from grassroots athlete discovery, where aiScout has already generated over 750 professional trials, to elite performance analytics that track movements from any smartphone video. 

Key features and technologies in smart facilities

The integration of emerging technologies promises not just smarter training and fan experiences but a blueprint for AI-driven sports excellence that could redefine global competitions. For instance, AI and data analytics can be used for predictive maintenance, optimizing crowd management, and personalizing fan experience. Meanwhile, IoT sensors are deployed to monitor everything in the facility, from seat occupancy and parking to environmental conditions, ultimately improving overall operational efficiency.

For fan engagement, advanced applications, in-seat ordering, interactive displays, and 5G connectivity are standard in smart facilities, providing a 360-degree experience. Additionally, integrated command and control centers harness AI, facial recognition, and anti-drone technologies to enhance safety.

Moreover, smart sports facilities are designed for high energy efficiency, featuring smart HVAC systems, LED lighting that adjusts to crowd density, and water-efficient systems.

Revolutionizing talent scouting 

At the heart of HUMAIN Sport's transformative potential lies aiScout, ai.io's flagship mobile application that is revolutionizing talent identification from a labor-intensive, geographically limited process to a scalable, inclusive revolution accessible to anyone with a smartphone. By enabling aspiring athletes to record and upload simple drills, such as sprints, agility tests, or sport-specific skills, the application employs advanced computer vision and machine learning algorithms to deliver instant, objective performance metrics comparable to professional-grade assessments. 

This technology eliminates the need for costly equipment or on-site scouts, generating over 750 professional trials worldwide to date and proving its efficacy in talent discovery. Beyond discovery, aiScout's data-driven insights provide coaches with predictive analytics, ranking prospects not just on raw athleticism but on trainable traits like decision-making under fatigue, customizable to Saudi sports priorities. 

HUMAIN's integration amplifies this through Arabic-language interfaces powered by ALLaM large language models, ensuring cultural relevance and reducing barriers for non-English speakers. Eventually, the platform is democratizing opportunities, increasing participation of underrepresented regions, and positioning Saudi Arabia as a blueprint for equitable, AI-fueled sports development on the global stage.

Other applications

HUMAIN Sport embeds AI across the entire sports ecosystem to enhance coaching, strategy, emerging formats like esports, and athlete wellness in ways tailored to Vision 2030 goals. In coaching and tactical preparation, ai.io's aiLab platform integrates with HUMAIN's infrastructure to simulate match scenarios, analyze opponent patterns, and refine VAR decisions with predictive accuracy.

The venture pioneers AI in esports and digital leagues, leveraging real-time AI moderation, skill-matching algorithms, and AR overlays to increase participation. Meanwhile, health and wellness applications leverage wearables and AI chatbots to deliver personalized nutrition plans, monitor mental health, and support recovery protocols.

By integrating ai.io's motion tech with HUMAIN's scale, Saudi Arabia is not just adopting AI; it is exporting a holistic model that amplifies performance, engagement, and sustainability, setting a global standard for sports evolution.

While AI innovations promise unprecedented advancements, they also introduce critical challenges that demand robust ethical frameworks to ensure equitable and sustainable integration into Saudi Arabia's sports landscape. Foremost among these is data privacy, governed by the Kingdom's Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). AI bias poses another hurdle, as algorithms trained on historical data may inadvertently favor urban, male athletes over rural or female talents. Over-reliance on AI threatens the human essence of sports, from coaches' intuition to the thrill of unscripted plays, prompting federations to adopt hybrid models in which tech informs but does not make decisions.

Transforming Saudi Arabia into a global sports powerhouse stands as a cornerstone of Vision 2030, with the Kingdom advancing through massive investments in leagues, mega-events, and cutting-edge infrastructure.

These developments signal a broader AI revolution in sports, from talent discovery and performance analytics to immersive fan experiences and sustainable operations, positioning Saudi Arabia to lead this transformation. Smart stadiums exemplify this shift, evolving into AI-powered digital ecosystems with IoT sensors, 5G connectivity, and energy-efficient designs that redefine match-day immersion.

Kholoud Hussein 

When a UAE-born startup secures an eight-figure, all-cash acquisition from a San Francisco investor backed by one of America’s wealthiest business dynasties, it signals more than commercial success. It signals maturity in the region’s technology ecosystem.

That is precisely the case with AlgoDriven, the automotive AI data platform acquired by Emergence, whose backer, The Pritzker Organization, manages the business interests of the Pritzker family, known globally for building the Hyatt Hotels Corporation brand.

Operating in the $1.6 trillion global used car market, AlgoDriven analyzes over $25 billion worth of vehicles annually across 1,000 dealerships in 10 countries. It is also the market leader in Australia, where one in three used cars sold is processed through its technology. But the next phase of growth may be even more significant — particularly in Saudi Arabia.

As the Kingdom accelerates automotive sector digitization under Vision 2030, and as dealership groups consolidate and modernize operations, demand for transparent, AI-powered pricing infrastructure is rising sharply. For investors, the question is no longer whether the Gulf can produce scalable tech exits. It is whether companies like AlgoDriven can turn regional dominance into global category leadership — with Saudi Arabia as a strategic growth engine.

In an exclusive interview with Sharikat Mubasher, CEO Glenn Harwood discusses valuation drivers, GCC capital deployment, expansion plans in the Kingdom, and how the company plans to leverage new ownership to deepen its AI capabilities and geographic footprint.

AlgoDriven has been acquired in an eight-figure, all-cash deal by Emergence. From an investor perspective, what were the primary value drivers behind the transaction — revenue growth, recurring contracts, proprietary datasets, or market dominance?

As a starting spot, financial metrics drove value, such as revenue, revenue growth, and profitability.  Of course, there is nuance to all these metrics, and that is where things like recurring contracts, churn, team, proprietary data sets, and product quality all factor in.

Revenue has increased fivefold since your 2021 Series A. How sustainable is that growth trajectory, and what does your forward revenue visibility look like across the GCC?

Demand is still strong for our products, and as we continue to roll out more AI-driven offerings, we see that continuing.  On top of that, many of the GCC markets are growing – population is increasing, GDP growth is strong, and people continue to buy more and more cars.  While that remains the case, we expect strong revenue growth to continue.

How strategically important is Saudi Arabia within your GCC footprint, and what proportion of your future regional investment will be directed toward KSA?

KSA is very important within both our existing footprint and our growth plans.  We’ve seen significant changes in the new and used car markets in the Kingdom over the past few years, and we expect this to continue in the coming years.  We’re continuing to customise and adapt our product to suit that market, and as well as having more on the ground support for our customers their too.

What concrete expansion plans do you have for Saudi Arabia over the next 24–36 months, in terms of headcount, partnerships with major dealership groups, or product localization?

We already have a strong footprint in KSA and a solid sales pipeline of dealership groups looking to adopt our products.  We’re rolling out new features around vehicle pricing specific to the KSA market, as well as more integrations to have a deeper understanding of vehicle history in the Kingdom.  We expect our presence there to continue to grow.

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a rapid automotive sector transformation under Vision 2030. How large do you estimate the addressable market for AI-powered used car analytics in the Kingdom?

The numbers we’ve seen suggest the car sales market in the Kingdom could grow by up to another 50% by 2030 for where it is now. On top of that, the official dealers are becoming increasingly focused on the used car sector.  Based on these two factors, we anticipate exponential growth in demand for our AI products to help drive this adoption.

You analyze more than $25 billion worth of used vehicles annually. How does deeper penetration in the Saudi market enhance your data advantage and strengthen barriers to entry?

There is a real network effect from using our product. The more cars we value, the more data we accumulate, and the more accurate our valuations become.  Car dealers can also share and auction cars between them on our platform – the more dealers who adopt our solution in Saudi makes the more valuable the platform becomes for all of them.

Your early investors, including Global Ventures, Oman Technology Fund, and Oraseya Capital, have now achieved a full cash exit. What signal does this send about liquidity and exit maturity in the GCC startup ecosystem?

I think it is great to see more exits in the region, particularly from US private equity firms.  For many startups, private equity is a great opportunity to exit and provide liquidity to early investors.   I believe this is an important trend for US PE firms to look internationally for targets, especially in the region.

Under the backing of The Pritzker Organization, how do you see AlgoDriven evolving — remaining a pure data platform, or expanding into broader automotive fintech infrastructure across Saudi Arabia and the wider region?

The focus over the next few years is on doing more of what we’re already great at – doubling down on our software offerings for car dealers. Additionally, we intend to leverage their existing network to continue to grow internationally.

Kholoud Hussein 

In startup boardrooms, few numbers are quoted as frequently as run rate. It appears in investor decks, funding announcements, and growth projections. It can signal momentum or mask volatility. Yet despite its popularity, the run rate is often misunderstood.

At its core, run rate is a projection. It takes a company’s current revenue performance over a short period — typically a month or a quarter — and extrapolates it over a full year. If a startup generates $500,000 in revenue in one month, its annual run rate would be $6 million. The assumption is simple: if performance continues at the current pace, that is the revenue the company would generate over 12 months.

The appeal lies in its clarity. Run rate offers a fast snapshot of scale. For high-growth startups, particularly those in SaaS, fintech, or marketplace models, it provides a forward-looking signal that annual historical revenue cannot yet show.

But run rate is not the same as annual revenue. It is a forecast based on present conditions. And those conditions can change quickly.

Why Run Rate Became a Startup Staple

In early-stage companies, historical financial data is limited. A startup may have been generating meaningful revenue for only a few months. Investors evaluating growth potential need a metric that reflects the current trajectory rather than incomplete annual statements.

Run rate fills that gap.

For subscription-based businesses, especially SaaS startups with recurring revenue models, run rate can be particularly meaningful. Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) multiplied by 12 creates an Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) run rate, offering investors a clean benchmark to compare companies at similar stages.

This comparability is one reason the run rate has become embedded in venture capital conversations. It creates a common language.

The Strategic Value of Run Rate for Startups

Beyond investor communication, run rate has operational value.

First, it forces discipline around revenue tracking. Startups that monitor run rate monthly develop a sharper understanding of sales velocity, churn, and pricing impact. If MRR increases steadily, leadership gains confidence in scaling marketing spend or expanding headcount. If it stagnates, corrective action can be taken quickly.

Second, run rate influences valuation. Many venture-backed startups are valued as a multiple of revenue, particularly ARR. A company with a $10 million run rate may command a significantly higher valuation than one at $5 million, even if both are unprofitable. In growth markets, revenue scale often outweighs short-term earnings.

Third, run rate helps in financial planning. Forecasting hiring, product development, and geographic expansion depends on predictable revenue streams. While not a guarantee, a stable run rate provides a framework for modeling cash flow scenarios.

The Risk of Misinterpretation

Despite its usefulness, run rate can be misleading when used without context.

A strong single month can inflate projections. A seasonal spike may not repeat. A one-time enterprise deal can distort averages. For startups in volatile sectors, the run rate may exaggerate stability.

This is why experienced investors look beyond the headline number. They examine revenue consistency, customer retention rates, and growth sustainability. A $12 million run rate built on stable subscriptions carries more weight than the same figure driven by sporadic transactions.

Run rate also does not account for costs. A company can show impressive revenue momentum while burning cash at an unsustainable rate. For startups, growth without efficiency can shorten the runway rather than extend it.

When Run Rate Is Most Meaningful

Run rate is most reliable when revenue is recurring, and churn is low. SaaS companies, subscription platforms, and fintech service providers benefit most from this metric. In these models, predictable cash flow strengthens the accuracy of annualized projections.

Marketplace startups can also use run rate effectively, particularly when transaction volumes show consistent upward trends. However, in cyclical industries, caution is warranted.

A Tool, Not a Guarantee

For founders, run rate should be treated as a strategic tool rather than a marketing headline.

It can help align teams around growth targets. It can signal readiness for funding rounds. It can support expansion planning. But it should always be paired with deeper metrics: gross margins, customer acquisition cost, lifetime value, and churn.

In disciplined startups, run rate becomes part of a broader financial narrative. It shows trajectory, not destiny.

To conclude, run rate endures because it answers a fundamental startup question: if we continue at this pace, how big can we become?

It offers clarity in early growth stages when historical data is thin. It translates monthly momentum into an annual scale. And in capital markets that reward speed and traction, that translation matters.

Yet the smartest founders understand its limits. Run rate reflects today’s performance extrapolated into tomorrow. It assumes continuity in a business environment defined by uncertainty.

Used wisely, run rate is a signal of momentum. Used carelessly, it becomes a projection detached from operational reality.

For startups navigating growth, the difference between those two outcomes can be decisive.

Ghada Ismail

Saudi Arabia is quietly entering a new demographic chapter. While the Kingdom remains widely known for its youthful majority—with more than 70 % of citizens under the age of 35—another segment of the population is steadily expanding: older adults. According to the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), about 1.7 million people aged 60 and above now live in the Kingdom, representing roughly 4.8 % of the total population in 2025. 

This shift is subtle compared with global aging trends but significant enough to influence how healthcare, social services, and digital technologies are designed and delivered. The World Health Organization and Saudi health authorities define the elderly as individuals aged 60 years or above, a demographic that is expected to grow in the decades ahead amid rising life expectancy and improvements in healthcare access. 

Across homes, clinics, and digital platforms, artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to play a meaningful role in enhancing seniors’ quality of life, helping them remain independent, connected, safe, and engaged in ways that align with Saudi cultural values and Vision 2030 priorities.

Aging and Its Challenges

Aging often brings layered challenges. Chronic disease management, reduced mobility, memory changes, and social isolation can gradually erode independence. Traditional care systems, heavily reliant on family or institutional support, are increasingly stretched amid smaller household sizes and urban lifestyle shifts. In Saudi Arabia, these concerns are compounded by a healthcare environment preparing for the future dynamics of a longevity economy.

Yet many older Saudis are actively engaged both socially and digitally. GASTAT’s 2025 Elderly Statistics Bulletin shows that over 60 % of elderly Saudis participate actively in social events, with 63.4 % of men and 57.3 % of women reporting regular activity. Additionally, high rates of digital engagement—where about 87 % of elderly men and 78 % of elderly women use smartphones or computers—reflect a population already comfortable with basic technology. 

Wearables: Personalized, Continuous Support

One of the most visible intersections of AI and elder care is through wearables, smart devices capable of continuous monitoring and predictive analysis. These devices use machine learning to track vital signs such as heart rate, movement, sleep patterns, and irregular activity. The real value lies in algorithms that can detect deviations from personal norms and alert caregivers or family members before small issues become emergencies.

A notable Saudi startup leading innovation in this space is Me’kaaz, which has developed AI-enabled wearable solutions tailored to senior care. Rather than serving merely as emergency alerts, Me’kaaz’s technology focuses on early detection and prevention. It captures subtle changes in activity or routines that may signal emerging health problems—whether related to mobility, cardiovascular health, or daily function—helping families and clinicians intervene proactively.

Importantly, these technologies are linguistically and culturally localized for Saudi users. AI interfaces support the Arabic language and sensory cues that feel natural and respectful, ensuring seniors can interact comfortably with devices. This cultural resonance is crucial in a society that emphasizes family involvement and dignity in elder care.

AI Companions and Social Connectivity

Physical health is part of the picture, but emotional well-being is equally important. Loneliness and social isolation have been linked globally to depression and cognitive decline, particularly among seniors living alone or with limited mobility.

AI-powered digital companions are entering this space as well. These systems combine conversational capability with reminders, mental exercises, and engagement tools designed to keep elderly users mentally stimulated and socially connected. Me’kaaz and other innovators are exploring how these companions can deliver culturally relevant content, including religious and community-oriented interactions, enriching everyday life for seniors who may spend long hours alone.

Such AI companions are not a replacement for human interaction, but a supplemental presence, especially valuable for those whose families live at a distance or have demanding work schedules.

Training for an AI-Enabled Life

Technology adoption does not begin with advanced gadgets; it begins with confidence. Recognizing this, national and private initiatives in Saudi Arabia are increasingly focusing on digital literacy for older adults.

A notable example is the collaboration between Huawei Technologies and stc Group, which launched a senior-focused training program under Huawei’s global “Education for All” initiative. The program’s SmartTruck serves as a mobile digital classroom, traveling across regions of the Kingdom to deliver free, hands-on training for people aged 50 and above.

These workshops cover practical digital skills: using smartphones, accessing online services, understanding digital safety and fraud protection, and navigating AI-enabled tools. In its early phase, the initiative trained more than 2,000 seniors through over 150 workshops, underscoring strong enthusiasm among older adults for digital skill-building when instruction is accessible and age-appropriate.

While these sessions don’t teach deep AI theory, they build foundational confidence. For seniors, learning to interact safely with digital systems reduces anxiety, increases participation, and lays the groundwork for more sophisticated AI engagement, whether through telemedicine, smart wearables, or digital communities.

AI in Healthcare Systems

AI’s role is expanding beyond the home into broader healthcare delivery. Hospitals and clinics across the Kingdom are using AI tools for diagnostics, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring—beneficial for senior patients managing chronic conditions.

AI can help clinicians identify high-risk patients sooner, personalize treatment plans, and reduce unnecessary hospital visits. For seniors, this means more tailored care with less physical strain, particularly for those managing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular issues.

Government entities such as the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority are central in shaping ethical AI deployment across sectors, including healthcare. Professional bodies like the Saudi Association for AI and Healthcare are also contributing research and education frameworks to align AI adoption with clinical standards and ethical guidelines.

Cultural and Ethical Dimensions

Despite the promise, challenges persist. Not all seniors have equal access to smartphones, high-speed internet, or ongoing support, particularly in rural areas. Digital inequality remains a real barrier to the full potential of AI adoption.

Privacy concerns also loom large. AI elder-care systems rely on sensitive personal data—from biometric readings to behavior patterns—making data protection and transparency essential. Ensuring that seniors understand how their data is used and protected is particularly important in a society where privacy and family reputation are highly valued.

Cultural compatibility remains key as well. AI systems must respect Saudi social norms, language nuances, and religious practices. Solutions that feel foreign or disconnected from daily life are unlikely to gain traction, regardless of their technical sophistication.

Looking Ahead

Saudi Arabia’s broader AI ecosystem—strengthened by national strategic investments, research institutes, and innovation incentives—provides fertile ground for senior-focused technologies. Future developments are likely to include more advanced predictive care models, AI-assisted cognitive health tools, and deeper integration between home-based systems and national healthcare platforms.

Demographic data indicate that the proportion of older adults in Saudi Arabia is modest but growing. According to GASTAT’s 2025 Elderly Statistics Bulletin, people aged 60 and above currently represent about 4.8 % of the population, with men slightly outnumbering women in this age group. While still a small share, demographic trends suggest this segment will expand in the coming decades as life expectancy rises and fertility rates decline, reflecting broader global aging patterns. This gradual increase highlights the need for proactive planning, innovative care models, and policies that embrace technology while maintaining human dignity and social inclusion.

Embracing Aging with Intelligence

AI for senior citizens in Saudi Arabia is no longer a theoretical concept; it is taking shape now through wearable devices, digital engagement programs, and healthcare innovations that respect cultural values. These technologies complement family care, empower seniors to stay connected, and enhance their ability to live independent, fulfilled lives longer.

By investing in localized tech solutions, digital literacy training, and ethical AI frameworks, Saudi Arabia is fostering an environment where aging with intelligence and intention is possible. For the Kingdom’s older adults, this means accessing tools that enrich daily life—while retaining the autonomy, dignity, and social bonds that define Saudi culture.

Noha Gad

The process of taking a company public traditionally involved significant challenges, including regulatory requirements, market volatility, and high costs. Initial public offerings (IPOs) have long served as the primary method, enabling companies to achieve substantial growth. However, the rapid rise of startups in sectors such as fintech, artificial intelligence (AI), and sustainable technology increased demand for more efficient routes to capital markets. Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) address this need.

With no commercial operations, a SPAC is essentially a shell company established to acquire companies by purchasing their shares. They are formed specifically to raise capital through an IPO, which can be used to acquire or merge with another private operating company. This approach enables private companies to become publicly traded in a matter of months rather than years, without the full burdens of a conventional IPO.

How do SPACs work?

A SPAC is created by experienced investors, known as sponsors, with the sole purpose of acquiring or merging with an unidentified private business. Unlike traditional IPOs, where a company directly lists its shares, a SPAC raises capital first and identifies a target later. This structure provides a streamlined path to public markets. 

The SPAC transaction process encompasses several key stages:

• Formation and IPO. Sponsors form a team of industry experts and file for an IPO, then investors purchase units, typically comprising one share of common stock and a fraction of a warrant. Proceeds from the IPO are placed in a trust account to earn interest.
• Finding a target. The SPAC has 18 to 24 months to find and negotiate a merger with a private company. During this period, the SPAC remains listed on an exchange, offering its shares for trading.
• Merger announcement. After identifying the target, the SPAC announces the proposed deal and takes shareholders’ votes on the transaction.
• De-SPAC and public listing: If approved, the merger will be completed, and the target emerges as a public company under a new ticker symbol.

Advantages of SPACs 

SPACs offer several benefits over traditional IPOs, providing efficiency and access for private companies seeking capital and investors pursuing opportunities. Key advantages are:

• Fast access to public markets. The process usually takes 3 to 6 months from merger announcement to completion, compared to more than 12 months for a standard IPO.
• Price stability: The SPAC sets a fixed share price during its IPO, reducing exposure to pricing volatility common in direct listings.
• Expert guidance: Sponsors, often executives or investors with proven track records, offer strategic advice, networks, and credibility. 
• Attractiveness in emerging markets: This model can support fintech and tech startups in emerging markets, providing liquidity without full IPO infrastructure.

While SPACs offer distinct advantages, most notably speed and efficiency, they also carry specific risks for investors and target companies. These include share dilution, inconsistent post-merger performance, potential conflicts among sponsors, and high redemption rates.

In essence, SPACs present a compelling alternative to traditional IPOs as they provide faster access to public markets and engage experienced sponsors. However, their success ultimately depends on careful evaluation at every stage. Ongoing regulatory developments continue to strengthen transparency and investor protections, contributing to a more stable environment. For investors, the key is to study sponsor track records, merger terms, and the realism of financial projections. Target companies, in turn, must ensure alignment with long-term strategic goals to mitigate potential drawbacks. As the SPAC model evolves alongside moderating deal volumes, it remains a relevant pathway for growth-oriented companies seeking to enter public markets. 

Mohamed Ramzy

The technology landscape in the Middle East is witnessing an unprecedented boom, driven by massive investments in digital infrastructure and a strategic shift towards the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). With this momentum, cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important as the primary defense line protecting data and ensuring sustainable economic growth.

Spire Solutions emerged as a key player in this rapidly growing landscape and one of the leading distributors of cybersecurity, data, and AI solutions in the region, with a robust presence across the Gulf and Egyptian markets over nearly two decades. As Saudi Vision 2030 targets accelerate and Egypt advances digital transformation pathways, the company aims to deepen its operations and expand investments in both markets.

Sharikat Mubasher held an interview with Anas Dawud, General Manager for Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Lavent at Spire Solutions, to discover the company’s expansion plans, its role in supporting Saudi Vision 2030 and driving digital transformation in Egypt, the role of the regulatory ecosystem in bolstering growth, and the company’s plans across the cybersecurity and AI sectors.

Spire Solutions has a long-standing record in the region. Could you highlight the company's key milestones and current solutions it focuses on?

Spire Solutions was founded nearly 19 years ago, with an initial focus centered on cybersecurity as a value-added service across the GCC, Egypt, and North Africa. To meet the needs of these rapidly evolving markets, we expanded our portfolio to include data and AI solutions, establishing a strategic integration between information security, data analytics, and intelligent technologies. This comprehensive package now defines our IT services offered to clients.

Speaking about the Saudi market, how do you assess the company’s operations amid the Kingdom’s significant momentum?

Saudi Arabia is our largest market. We have been operating in the Kingdom for over 15 years, and now serve a huge client base of more than 1,000 customers, including diverse government entities and large companies. Our main goal is to ensure robust protection of the IT environments of these organizations.

Geographically, we currently cover 18 cities across the Kingdom through a specialized team of engineers and consultants. We also aim to expandi our team in the Western Region, in line with our plan to open a regional headquarters in Riyadh soon.

How has Saudi Arabia’s regulatory environment contributed to driving Spire Solutions’ growth in this sector?

Governance and regulations put in place by Saudi regulators have been the cornerstone for our business growth, setting clear frameworks for cybersecurity and data protection standards. This boosted demand for our solutions across pivotal sectors, whether financial, banking, or governmental, while ensuring companies operate within a protected, regulated market.

The sector is witnessing a great momentum, backed by several supporting entities, notably the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), the Saudi Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, and many other entities.

Spire Solutions recently participated in the inaugural AI Everything MEA 2026 summit. How do you see the growth opportunities in the Egyptian market compared to other markets in the region? 

The Egyptian market is very promising, driven by a genuine, tangible shift from the government and the private sector towards comprehensive digital transformation.

Companies and banks have shown significant awareness of the need to integrate AI into their work cycles. Spire Solutions has been operating in the Egyptian market for more than 10 years, and we believe that the current movement in digital transformation and AI paves the way for us to boost investment and expand the reach of our technical services and consultancies in the coming period.

Does Spire Solutions plan to launch new projects in Egypt soon?

Spire Solutions is in ongoing talks with local partners to form successful partnerships. We recently held high-level meetings with leading Egyptian entities and have several strategic projects in the pipeline that we will announce soon.

I would like to emphasize a key point regarding our business approach in Egypt. We do not engage directly with the end-user; rather, we work through strategic partnerships with system integrators. However, we provide support to end-users through consultancy services and technical training.

The entrepreneurship sector in the region is experiencing significant momentum. What role does Spire Solutions play in supporting startups?

Supporting startups is at the heart of our strategy. We are committed to providing them with specialized technical training, enabling access to markets, and helping them build effective customer relationships.

We believe in the importance of working alongside entrepreneurs who are developing innovative solutions. Through this approach, we have supported a number of startups that have successfully established a strong presence across the region.

How do you see the future of AI and data sectors in key markets in the region by 2030?

Data volume is growing continuously and rapidly, making data science and analytics an essential pillar of organizational resilience, serving as the engine that guides companies' investments and helps navigate emerging challenges.

Today, AI plays a crucial role in promoting this process by providing faster and more accurate data protection. We aim to expand beyond Egypt and the GCC to enter specific markets in North Africa within the coming period.

With the accelerated pace of digital transformation in Saudi Arabia and Egypt, opportunities are abundant for cybersecurity and AI companies. Spire Solutions, guided by a clear regional expansion strategy, focuses on building local partnerships, knowledge exchange, and upskilling talent, ultimately enhancing organizations’ readiness to address evolving challenges in the digital landscape.

Translation: Noha Gad

Kholoud Hussein 

Saudi Arabia’s mega projects were conceived as symbols of economic diversification. Today, they are becoming test beds for something even more transformative: artificial intelligence embedded at scale.

From predictive construction systems to AI-managed urban mobility, the Kingdom’s flagship developments are not merely large in size or investment value. They are increasingly designed as intelligent ecosystems. Backed by the policy framework of Saudi Vision 2030 and coordinated through institutions such as the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), AI is moving from experimental pilot to core infrastructure layer.

With mega projects collectively valued in the trillions of dollars, Saudi Arabia is positioning artificial intelligence not as a supporting tool, but as an operating system for next-generation cities, tourism hubs, logistics corridors, and industrial zones.

AI as a National Priority

Saudi Arabia’s AI ambitions are not confined to individual developments. In 2020, the Kingdom launched the National Strategy for Data and AI, aiming to position the country among the top 15 global AI leaders by 2030. Officials have repeatedly emphasized that artificial intelligence is central to economic competitiveness.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has described technology and innovation as pillars of the Kingdom’s diversification strategy. Meanwhile, SDAIA President Abdullah Alghamdi has stated that data and AI are “key enablers of economic growth and digital transformation.”

According to official projections, AI could contribute an estimated $135 billion to Saudi Arabia’s GDP by 2030, representing roughly 12 percent of the national economy. These figures underscore why mega projects are being built with AI integration from inception rather than retrofitted later.

NEOM: Building an AI-Native City

Perhaps the most visible example is NEOM, the $500 billion smart city development in northwestern Saudi Arabia. Designed as a fully connected urban environment, NEOM integrates AI across energy management, transportation, water systems, and security infrastructure.

Within NEOM, THE LINE represents an ambitious experiment in AI-driven urban planning. The linear city will rely on predictive analytics to manage traffic flows, optimize energy consumption, and coordinate autonomous transport systems. Digital twins—virtual models of physical infrastructure—allow planners to simulate real-world conditions before construction is completed.

AI algorithms will monitor energy demand in real time, automatically adjusting renewable energy generation and storage systems. In practice, this reduces waste and improves grid resilience. In urban mobility, AI-enabled platforms are expected to manage autonomous vehicles and high-speed transit networks with minimal human intervention.

The result is an environment where infrastructure decisions are driven by continuous data analysis rather than static planning assumptions.

The Red Sea Project: AI in Sustainable Tourism

Sustainability is another arena where AI is reshaping Saudi mega developments. Red Sea Global, developer of the Red Sea Project, has embedded AI into environmental management systems.

The destination aims to operate on 100 percent renewable energy. AI-powered monitoring systems analyze weather patterns, guest flows, and energy consumption to optimize operations while minimizing ecological impact. Smart desalination plants use machine learning to improve efficiency and reduce carbon intensity.

By using predictive analytics, operators can anticipate peak visitor demand and adjust services accordingly, limiting overuse of sensitive natural environments. This model reflects a broader shift: AI is not only about efficiency but also about environmental stewardship.

Qiddiya and Predictive Operations

Entertainment and sports infrastructure are also being transformed. Qiddiya Investment Company is developing one of the Kingdom’s largest entertainment cities, integrating AI for crowd management, safety monitoring, and real-time operational analytics.

Advanced camera systems and computer vision technologies help detect congestion patterns and enhance security oversight. Predictive maintenance tools monitor ride systems and facilities to reduce downtime and prevent mechanical failures.

For mega venues hosting international events, AI-driven analytics enable dynamic pricing strategies, optimized staffing, and personalized visitor experiences.

AI in Construction and Project Management

Beyond the final user experience, AI is reshaping how mega projects are built.

Saudi Arabia’s construction sector faces the challenge of delivering projects at an unprecedented scale. AI-enabled project management platforms analyze supply chains, labor allocation, and procurement timelines to mitigate delays. Predictive analytics help identify bottlenecks before they escalate into costly overruns.

Drone-based imaging combined with machine learning allows real-time monitoring of construction progress. This data feeds into centralized dashboards, enabling developers to compare projected timelines with actual performance.

Given that Saudi giga-projects represent investments exceeding $1 trillion collectively, even marginal efficiency gains through AI can translate into billions of dollars in savings.

The Startup Ecosystem: Local Innovation at Scale

While global technology providers are active in the Kingdom, Saudi startups are increasingly contributing to the AI ecosystem, supporting mega projects.

Companies such as Mozn specialize in AI-driven analytics and risk management platforms. Originally focused on financial crime detection, firms like Mozn are expanding into broader data analytics solutions relevant to infrastructure and enterprise clients.

Another emerging player is Quant Data & Analytics, which develops AI tools for predictive analytics and data intelligence. Such companies are well-positioned to serve government agencies and mega-project operators requiring localized AI solutions.

Saudi Arabia’s venture capital ecosystem has grown significantly, with AI startups attracting increasing funding rounds. Government-backed funds and accelerators are prioritizing artificial intelligence as a strategic vertical.

As mega projects mature, demand for specialized AI applications—ranging from logistics optimization to energy modeling—creates a substantial addressable market for domestic startups.

Human Capital and Workforce Transformation

AI integration also has labor market implications. Mega projects are serving as training grounds for Saudi engineers, data scientists, and AI specialists.

Under Vision 2030, workforce localization initiatives aim to equip Saudi nationals with advanced digital skills. Universities and research centers are partnering with mega-project developers to create AI-focused training programs.

Officials have emphasized that AI adoption is not about workforce replacement but productivity enhancement. SDAIA leadership has noted that building local AI talent is essential for long-term sustainability.

Economic Impact and Investment Outlook

The economic implications are profound. With AI projected to contribute $135 billion to GDP by 2030, mega projects act as catalysts, accelerating this contribution.

Investment in digital infrastructure, cloud computing, and data centers is expanding alongside physical construction. Saudi Arabia has announced multi-billion-dollar investments in cloud services partnerships to support AI workloads.

Moreover, foreign direct investment linked to technology partnerships continues to grow as global firms view Saudi mega projects as large-scale test environments for advanced AI applications.

Industry analysts estimate that AI-related spending in Saudi Arabia could grow at compound annual rates exceeding 25 percent through the end of the decade, driven largely by giga-project deployment.

Challenges and Governance Considerations

Despite momentum, challenges remain. Integrating AI across complex, multi-stakeholder projects requires strong governance frameworks. Data privacy, cybersecurity, and algorithmic accountability are critical concerns.

Saudi authorities have introduced regulatory standards governing data protection and AI ethics to ensure responsible deployment. This regulatory clarity may enhance investor confidence.

Finally, Saudi Arabia’s mega projects were initially defined by scale—record-breaking budgets, ambitious architecture, and expansive geography. Increasingly, however, they are defined by intelligence.

Artificial intelligence is embedded in planning models, operational systems, sustainability metrics, and security frameworks. It is shaping not only how projects are built but how they function long after completion.

If current trajectories continue, Saudi Arabia’s giga-projects may become global reference models for AI-integrated urban development. In doing so, they reinforce the Kingdom’s broader ambition: to transition from an economy built primarily on natural resources to one powered by data, technology, and intelligent systems.

Ghada Ismail

Most startups don’t fail because they lack ideas. They fail because they misjudge how efficiently they turn what they own into revenue.

In the rush to grow, founders often focus on how fast money is coming in, while paying far less attention to how hard their assets are actually working. Office space sits half-used. Software tools pile up. Teams expand faster than output. On paper, the startup looks like it’s growing. In reality, its engine may be inefficient.

This is where the Asset Turnover Ratio quietly steps in. It doesn’t care about hype, valuation, or future promises. It asks one simple, uncomfortable question: How much revenue are you actually generating from the assets you already have? For startups operating on limited capital and tight runways, the answer can be revealing, and sometimes alarming.

What Is Asset Turnover Ratio?

The Asset Turnover Ratio measures how efficiently a business uses its assets to generate revenue. It shows how much revenue is produced for every unit of assets owned by the company.

The formula is simple:

Asset Turnover Ratio = Revenue ÷ Average Total Assets

If a startup generates SAR 2 million in revenue and holds SAR 1 million in total assets, its asset turnover ratio is 2. This means the company generates SAR 2 in revenue for every riyal invested in assets.

In general, a higher ratio indicates stronger operational efficiency, while a lower ratio suggests that assets may not be used to their full potential.

Why Asset Turnover Ratio Matters for Startups

Startups rarely have excess resources. Capital is limited, margins are thin, and every investment—whether in people, technology, or infrastructure—needs to prove its value quickly.

The asset turnover ratio helps founders understand whether their business model is genuinely efficient or simply growing heavier over time. It highlights whether assets are actively contributing to revenue or quietly becoming cost centers.

For investors, this metric offers insight into execution quality. A startup that generates strong revenue relative to its asset base signals discipline, thoughtful scaling, and smarter capital allocation, qualities that matter far more than growth alone.

Interpreting High and Low Asset Turnover Ratios

A high asset turnover ratio often reflects a lean, well-optimized business. Digital startups, SaaS platforms, and marketplace models typically perform well because they generate revenue without heavy physical infrastructure. High turnover suggests that the startup is maximizing output from minimal resources.

A low asset turnover ratio is not necessarily a red flag on its own. Asset-heavy startups in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, or hardware development often show lower ratios, especially in early stages. The real concern arises when assets continue to grow while revenue lags behind, signaling inefficiencies or premature expansion.

What matters most is what happens next. Improving turnover over time indicates that the startup is learning how to scale more efficiently.

How Startups Can Improve Asset Turnover

Improving asset turnover is not about cutting costs aggressively. It is about making smarter decisions with existing resources.

Startups can focus on increasing revenue before acquiring new assets, delaying major capital expenditures until demand is validated, and outsourcing non-core functions instead of owning everything in-house. Regularly reviewing underperforming assets—whether tools, systems, or physical resources—also helps prevent unnecessary drag on performance.

Ultimately, the goal is not to own fewer assets, but to ensure that every asset actively supports growth.

Putting Asset Turnover in Context

No single metric tells the full story. Asset turnover should be viewed alongside profitability, cash flow, and growth indicators. A startup can be efficient but unprofitable, or profitable but inefficient. The real insight comes from understanding how these metrics work together.

For founders, asset turnover serves as a reality check. It keeps ambition grounded in execution and encourages smarter scaling rather than reckless expansion.

Wrapping Things Up…

At its core, the asset turnover ratio is not just a financial metric, but rather a discipline check.

It forces founders to ask whether growth is being built on smart execution or on accumulating more resources than the business can justify. High turnover reflects a startup that knows how to extract value before spending more. Low turnover, if ignored, quietly erodes runway long before cash flow problems become obvious.

In a startup landscape where capital is no longer unlimited, the businesses that survive will not be the ones that own the most assets, but the ones that use what they own best.

Kholoud Hussein 

In the startup world, building a product is only half the battle. The other half is making sure it works in the real world. That’s where alpha and beta testing come in.

For early-stage companies, these testing phases are not technical formalities. They are risk-management tools. They help founders validate assumptions, uncover weaknesses, and refine user experience before a full public launch. Done properly, alpha and beta tests can mean the difference between a controlled rollout and a costly failure.

What Is Alpha Testing?

Alpha testing is the first structured round of product testing. It usually happens after internal development is complete but before the product reaches external users.

At this stage, the product may be functional but not polished. Features might be incomplete. The interface may still need refinement. Bugs are expected.

Alpha testing is typically conducted internally by the startup’s team, along with a small, controlled group of trusted users. These may include employees, close partners, advisors, or early supporters. The goal is to identify major technical flaws and usability issues before exposing the product to a broader audience.

This phase focuses on stability and core functionality. Does the platform crash? Do essential features work as intended? Are there obvious friction points in navigation?

Because the testing environment is controlled, feedback tends to be direct and detailed. Developers can observe user behavior closely, fix bugs quickly, and release multiple iterations in a short period of time.

For startups, alpha testing is about protecting reputation. Launching publicly with obvious technical failures can damage trust early. Alpha testing minimizes that risk.

What Is Beta Testing?

If alpha testing is internal, beta testing is external.

Beta testing involves releasing the product to a limited group of real users outside the company. These users represent the target market more accurately. They are not part of the founding team, and they interact with the product in real-world conditions.

Unlike alpha testing, beta testing examines more than technical performance. It evaluates user experience, product-market fit, and perceived value.

Key questions during beta testing include:

• Do users understand the product without explanation?
• Are they willing to pay for it?
• Which features do they actually use?
• Where do they drop off?

Beta testing can be closed, meaning access is by invitation only, or open, where anyone can sign up. Early-stage startups often prefer closed beta programs to manage feedback and maintain control.

This phase generates critical data. It reveals whether assumptions about customer behavior were correct. It also surfaces issues that internal teams may overlook, especially around user expectations and workflows.

The Strategic Role of Testing in Startup Growth

For startups operating with limited capital and time, alpha and beta tests are not optional. They are part of a disciplined launch strategy.

Testing reduces uncertainty. Instead of betting everything on a full-scale launch, founders collect evidence first. They identify weak points before marketing budgets are deployed. They adjust pricing models before scaling sales teams.

In lean startup environments, alpha and beta testing align closely with the build-measure-learn cycle. Each testing round provides measurable insight that informs product decisions.

Importantly, testing is not just about fixing problems. It is also about discovering opportunity. Many successful startups refine their value proposition during beta testing. Users may gravitate toward a feature that was initially secondary. Pricing strategies may evolve. Target segments may shift.

This flexibility is critical in early growth stages.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Despite their importance, alpha and beta tests are often mismanaged.

One common mistake is rushing through testing to meet artificial launch deadlines. Compressed testing phases reduce feedback quality and increase post-launch risk.

Another mistake is ignoring negative feedback. Founders can become attached to product assumptions. Testing only works if feedback drives change.

A third issue is testing with the wrong audience. If beta users do not reflect the intended customer base, insights may be misleading.

From Testing to Launch

Alpha and beta testing are bridges between development and commercialization. They transform a product from a concept into a market-ready solution.

For investors, thorough testing signals discipline. For customers, it improves reliability. For founders, it provides clarity.

In competitive markets, speed matters. But controlled speed matters more. Startups that treat alpha and beta testing as strategic milestones, rather than procedural checkboxes, increase their odds of building products that not only launch successfully, but scale sustainably.

In the end, alpha and beta tests are about learning before scaling. And for startups, learning early is one of the few true competitive advantages.

Noha Gad

The insurance market in Saudi Arabia is growing rapidly, becoming the largest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Propelled by the ambitious Vision 2030, the insurance industry is moving from a traditional, compliance-driven market to a dynamic, technology-enabled ecosystem that is ready for global competition.

During the first half (H1) of 2025, the Saudi insurance sector maintained solid momentum with insurance revenue rising 8.1% to SAR 34.7 billion, assets growing 4.5% to SAR 91.96 billion, and equity expanding 4% to SAR 28.4 billion, as stated in a recent report released by Milliman, the global consulting firm based in Seattle.

Another study conducted by Global Data, the UK-based consultancy firm, anticipated the Saudi insurance industry to see a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% until 2028, reaching SAR 83.7 billion. This rise, the study said, will be fueled by the Kingdom’s shift towards other sectors to reduce dependence on an oil-based economy, along with other factors, including a young, tech-savvy population, trillion-dollar infrastructure and giga-project investments, and a series of forward-thinking regulatory reforms.

Digital transformation serves as the primary catalyst. The adoption of emerging technologies demonstrates the market’s readiness for scaled digital operations. Insurers are leveraging AI-driven underwriting, exploring blockchain for claims processing, and adapting to a landscape in which consumers demand personalized and seamlessly accessible products.

Embedded insurance represents a fundamental shift in how insurance is distributed and consumed. In essence, it is the seamless integration of insurance coverage into the purchase process of another product or service. Instead of a customer having to search for a separate policy from an agent or a dedicated website, protection is offered, or even included, at the exact moment of need, within a digital ecosystem they are already using and trust. This model leverages technology, primarily application programming interfaces (APIs), to connect insurers with non-traditional partners like retailers, telecoms, fintech platforms, and mobility providers. 

It offers a win-win proposition for all parties: customers gain convenient and relevant protection without additional effort; partner companies create new revenue streams and deepen customer loyalty; and insurers access new customer segments and lower their acquisition costs. 

As the Kingdom moves steadily towards Vision 2030 goals, this model of intelligent, integrated, and invisible protection is poised to play a pivotal role in revolutionizing the insurance industry in Saudi Arabia and transforming the sector from a passive financial safety net into an active, embedded part of everyday life.

Traditional and embedded insurance 

For traditional insurance models, insurers invest heavily in marketing and sales channels to push their products toward consumers, while customers must expend effort to find, compare, and purchase a policy. However, embedded insurance is seamlessly integrated into the customer journey of purchasing another product or service.

Finding good insurance means filling out long forms, getting medical checks, and waiting a long time. Embedded insurance transforms this by embedding protection into everyday digital flows, creating a frictionless, app-native experience without requiring a separate trip to an insurance site.

Embedded insurance uses partnerships to gain access to up-to-date data. This lets it offer exact, custom coverage that old-school insurance cannot match. 

Impacts of emerging technologies on insurance services in Saudi Arabia

The application of emerging technologies has significantly changed how insurance firms work in terms of speed and adequacy of benefit delivery. Key innovations driving this change are:

• Machine learning (ML). Thanks to their ability to handle massive data, ML innovations can offer quick risk assessment, improved client back, and lower operational costs.
• Big Data. Insurers utilize Big Data to progress decision-making, offer tailored insurance products, and enhance client experiences.
• Blockchain technology. It significantly enhances transparency, reduces fraud, and streamlines processes.
• Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provide real-time data for exact risk evaluation and proactive loss prevention.

Additionally, AI plays a strategic role in reducing uncertainty, improving risk measurement, and enhancing capital deployment. When applied correctly, AI can drive more granular underwriting segmentation, provide real-time portfolio and accumulation monitoring, and enhance smarter reinsurance and capital optimization.

Yasmina AI is the first AI-powered embedded insurance platform in Saudi Arabia, helping insurers eliminate the friction of offering protection. Trusted by over 67 online businesses and insurance companies, Yasmina AI helps clients deliver seamless coverage at the perfect moment to protect their customers.

The platform transforms how insurance is delivered across digital platforms by offering seamless API integration that enables digital businesses to provide personalized insurance at checkout in less than 48 hours.

Embedded insurance shows the visible change in how and where customers get protection, while AI-driven Insurance-as-a-Service(IaaS) is the invisible engine powering it all. Through this platform-based model, insurers can offer their capabilities via APIs to non-insurance brands. This transforms the insurer from a final destination into a behind-the-scenes enabler. IaaS platforms allow insurers to offer coverage to partners on a flexible, pay-per-use or subscription basis, making it ideal for the short-term, activity-specific coverage often demanded in embedded contexts.

In Saudi Arabia, this model is gaining traction, with major players and innovative partnerships demonstrating its real-world application. Rommana is the first IaaS platform in Saudi Arabia to offer comprehensive solutions that equip businesses with all the essential tools they need to effortlessly sell, manage, and renew insurance policies. Rommana’s AI-powered solutions help insurers transform insurance operations by automating claims, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency. Equipped with a comprehensive full-stack infrastructure, Rommana’s API ensures seamless connections, making the process both cost-effective and durable.

The integration of AI into the Saudi insurance sector is driving a profound dual transformation, making protection more personal, accessible, and proactive, and revolutionizing insurance’s technical core. These two outcomes are two sides of the same coin. Better risk assessment, powered by richer data and more sophisticated analytics, enables the personalization and fairness that customers increasingly demand. By analyzing vast databases, from shopping habits and lifestyle choices to driving behavior and health metrics, AI enables insurers to create highly personalized products that fit an individual's actual risk profile and needs.

In conclusion, the insurance sector in Saudi Arabia is rapidly emerging as a defining force in the global financial landscape, moving decisively beyond the era of friction-laden paperwork and distant, transactional relationships. At the heart of this transformation is the convergence of two powerful forces: embedded insurance and IaaS. Embedded insurance revolutionized the customer journey, pulling protection out of siloed distribution channels and shifting it directly into the digital pathways of daily life transactions, from e-commerce checkouts to mobility applications and fintech platforms. Additionally, IaaS platforms provide the invisible infrastructure that makes this seamless integration possible, while empowering insurers to offer their core capabilities as modular, on-demand services.

The ultimate beneficiary of this technological revolution is the customer. By harnessing richer data and more sophisticated analytics, Saudi insurers can move beyond one-size-fits-all products to create coverage that is dynamically aligned with individual risk profiles and lifestyles.

Ghada Ismail

As artificial intelligence moves from experimentation to enterprise-wide deployment, Egyptian organizations are entering a decisive phase of digital transformation. In this interview, Hossam Seifeldin, Executive Vice President and CEO of Capgemini in Egypt, shares his perspective on how generative and agentic AI are set to reshape operations, competitiveness, and talent development over the next five years.

Drawing on Capgemini’s expanding footprint in Egypt and its role as a global delivery hub, Seifeldin discusses the technologies poised to have the greatest impact, how consulting and technology firms must adapt their business models in an AI-driven economy, and what truly differentiates Capgemini’s approach to digital transformation. He also highlights the company’s growing focus on youth empowerment, skills development, and public-private partnerships as Egypt positions itself as a regional hub for advanced technology and innovation.

Generative and agentic AI are reshaping enterprise operations globally. How do you expect these technologies to transform Egyptian organizations over the next five years?

We are entering a new phase where AI is no longer experimental; it is a practical, scalable driver of real business value. Over the next five years, generative and agentic AI will reshape how Egyptian organizations operate, make decisions, and engage with customers.

Globally, companies moving from pilots to full-scale AI deployments are seeing measurable returns, with average ROI of 1.7x and cost reductions of 26–31% across functions like finance, supply chain, HR, and customer operations. AI is now a strategic business asset delivering efficiency and growth simultaneously.

Sectors such as banking, telecom, healthcare, retail, and especially hospitality and tourism — a cornerstone of Egypt’s economy — will benefit significantly. In tourism, AI can enable personalized visitor journeys, immersive experiences, predictive destination management, and sustainable resource planning. Initiatives like our “Hack the Future of Tourism in Egypt… Make it Real!” engage students to create practical AI solutions, from virtual tour guides to smart travel platforms.

Ultimately, AI will help Egyptian organizations compete globally, unlock new services and revenue streams, and foster a culture of continuous innovation, positioning Egypt as a growing hub for AI-driven transformation.

How is Capgemini evolving its business model to remain competitive amid accelerated AI adoption across industries?

Capgemini is evolving through a multi-dimensional strategy designed to lead in an AI-driven economy. We are investing heavily in advanced AI, cloud, and data capabilities while strengthening partnerships with global technology leaders and local institutions.

In Egypt specifically, we are establishing a dedicated AI Center of Excellence that brings together elite solution architects, data scientists, and engineers to deliver end-to-end AI solutions to global clients. This reinforces Egypt’s role as a global delivery hub for innovation and advanced technology services.

We are equally focused on talent. Since launching operations in Egypt in 2022, our team has grown from 40 to more than 1,000 professionals, with plans to reach 1,700 by the end of 2026. Through continuous reskilling and programs such as our Young Professionals Program, we are ensuring our workforce can design and implement responsible, scalable AI solutions that deliver measurable value for clients worldwide.

What emerging technologies do you see as most transformative for your clients over the coming period of time? How is Capgemini preparing for these shifts?

While generative and agentic AI remain at the forefront, several complementary technologies will be highly transformative for our clients, including advanced analytics, immersive technologies such as AR and VR, edge computing, blockchain, and in the longer term, quantum computing.

Capgemini is preparing by investing in innovation labs, strengthening collaboration with universities and startups, and expanding research and development capabilities. With our proven methodologies and deep industry knowledge, we partner with leaders to turn AI into a competitive advantage and a driver of sustainable growth.

In your view, what differentiates Capgemini’s approach to digital transformation from other major consulting and technology services firms?

What truly differentiates Capgemini’s approach to digital transformation is that we see technology not as an end goal, but as a human-centric enabler of sustainable business and societal impact.

We deliver end-to-end transformation — from strategy and design to implementation and scaling — ensuring measurable outcomes and long-term value for our clients. What makes our Egypt operations particularly distinctive is our role as a global delivery gateway: from here, we provide 24/7 services in multiple languages and support clients across diverse sectors, including telecom, retail, pharmaceutical and hospitality.

By combining global expertise with strong local talent and ecosystem partnerships, Egypt has become a strategic hub for Capgemini, enabling us to deliver high-value digital and AI solutions worldwide while developing future-ready capabilities locally.

How has the increasing adoption of AI by competitors influenced your strategic priorities?

The rapid adoption of AI across industries has reinforced the importance of speed, innovation, and differentiation. It has accelerated our investments in AI capabilities, talent development, and industry-specific solutions that deliver measurable outcomes.

Rather than viewing competition solely as a challenge, we see it as a catalyst for continuous innovation. It pushes us to refine our offerings, deepen our partnerships, and ensure that our clients are not only adopting AI but leveraging it strategically to lead in their sectors.

Our priority remains clear: to deliver practical, scalable AI solutions that create business value while positioning Egypt as a global hub for digital innovation and advanced technology services.

How do you think you can empower youth and young entrepreneurs through your business tech offerings?

Through initiatives like the “Hack the Future of Tourism in Egypt… Make it Real!” hackathon, we are connecting innovation with practical training. Multidisciplinary student teams are developing AI-driven solutions such as virtual tour guides, smart travel platforms, immersive storytelling experiences, and predictive analytics tools that enhance visitor experiences while preserving cultural heritage and sustainability.

The top three teams will join our six-month Young Professionals Program, where they will receive intensive hands-on training, mentorship from global and local experts, and direct exposure to real client projects, with a clear pathway to employment upon completion.

Beyond individual programs, our broader commitment is to build a generation of tech-enabled innovators who can lead Egypt’s digital transformation. By investing in skills, mentorship, and real-world experience, we help young talent move from creative ideas to meaningful careers that support Egypt’s Vision 2030 and its ambition to become a global digital and innovation hub.

This commitment is strengthened through robust public-private partnerships. Most recently, we signed memorandums of understanding with ITIDA and ITI to expand our presence and train 300 young engineers through the ServiceNow program, supporting a national initiative expected to create 70,000 new jobs and further position Egypt as a global hub for technology and outsourcing services.

Through collaborations with government entities, academic institutions, and global technology partners, we are not only creating career pathways for young talent but also strengthening Egypt’s role as a strategic gateway for high-value digital and AI services worldwide.

Ghada Ismail

In finance, few phrases sound as dramatic—and as misunderstood—as “dry powder.” It has nothing to do with explosives or chemistry, yet when markets wobble and funding dries up, it suddenly becomes the most powerful thing in any context.

Dry powder is the cash everyone wishes they had when conditions turn tough. It doesn’t chase hype or panic in downturns. It waits—quietly and strategically—until the right moment arrives.

As startups learn to survive longer, investors favor discipline over speed, and economies navigate uncertainty, dry powder has moved from a niche term to a core strategy. It shapes who can act decisively, who can negotiate from strength, and who is forced to react.

At its simplest, dry powder means cash or highly liquid capital that is ready to be deployed. In reality, it represents control. For investors, startups, and the broader economy, dry powder is what separates those who endure market cycles from those who define what comes next.

Dry Powder from an Investor’s Perspective

For investors—particularly in venture capital, private equity, and institutional funds—dry powder refers to capital that has been raised but not yet invested. Funds typically collect commitments from their investors and deploy that money gradually over several years, rather than all at once.

Holding dry powder gives investors flexibility. In overheated markets, disciplined funds may slow their pace and avoid inflated valuations. When markets cool, that same unspent capital becomes a competitive advantage. Investors can move quickly, negotiate better terms, support existing portfolio companies, or back strong businesses that suddenly look undervalued.

This is why periods of uncertainty often coincide with reports of record levels of dry powder. It is not a sign of indecision, but of patience. Investors with capital ready to deploy often end up shaping the next growth cycle.

What Dry Powder Means for Startups

For startups, dry powder usually means cash reserves in the bank. It is the runway that buys time, reduces pressure, and keeps founders in control of their decisions.

Startups with sufficient dry powder can slow hiring, refine their product, or adjust strategy without being forced into emergency fundraising. They are less likely to accept unfavorable terms or dilute too early. In contrast, startups running low on cash often make rushed decisions driven by survival rather than long-term value.

Dry powder also changes how startups are perceived. A company with healthy reserves signals stability and confidence to investors, customers, and partners. It suggests the business is choosing capital—not desperately chasing it—often resulting in better negotiations and stronger relationships.

Dry Powder and Market Cycles

Dry powder plays a central role in how markets move through cycles. During boom periods, capital flows freely and aggressively, reducing the amount of unspent cash. Valuations rise, competition intensifies, and speed often outweighs discipline.

When markets correct, investment activity slows, and dry powder accumulates. While this phase can feel stagnant, it often sets the stage for the next wave of growth. Once confidence returns, that stored capital is deployed into new companies, technologies, and acquisitions, often more selectively and sustainably than before.

In this way, dry powder acts as both a buffer and a reset button, preventing capital from being exhausted at the peak of hype and ensuring resources remain available when opportunity reappears.

The Economic Impact of Dry Powder

At the macro level, dry powder influences investment, innovation, and job creation. Large pools of deployable capital—held by institutional investors, sovereign funds, and corporations—can stabilize markets during downturns and accelerate recovery during upswings.

For innovation-driven economies, dry powder is especially important. It allows funding to continue flowing into startups, infrastructure, and strategic sectors even when global conditions tighten. Economies with active investors and available capital are better positioned to maintain momentum through volatility.

Common Misconceptions

Dry powder is often mistaken for idle money. In reality, it is intentional restraint. Choosing when not to invest can be just as strategic as choosing when to invest. At the same time, holding too much dry powder for too long can create pressure to deploy capital quickly, sometimes at the wrong moment.

The key is balance: aligning deployable capital with clear strategy, realistic timelines, and market conditions.

Why Dry Powder Matters More Than Ever

In today’s environment of economic uncertainty, higher interest rates, and rapid technological change, dry powder has taken on renewed importance. Investors are more selective, startups are more cautious, and economies are prioritizing sustainable growth over speed at any cost.

Ultimately, dry powder is not about waiting on the sidelines. It is about being ready to invest, to grow, and to lead when opportunity returns.

Kholoud Hussein 

For decades, Saudi Arabia was viewed primarily through the lens of hydrocarbons. Today, it is increasingly positioning itself as a capital provider and policy driver in the global climate finance landscape. The shift is neither rhetorical nor symbolic. It is structural, anchored in fiscal capacity, sovereign strategy, and a deliberate attempt to align energy transition goals with long-term economic diversification.

At the center of this transformation stands the Public Investment Fund (PIF), supported by national policy under Saudi Vision 2030. Together, they are shaping how capital flows into renewable energy, carbon management, sustainable infrastructure, and climate-aligned technologies both domestically and internationally.

The scale of ambition is significant. What is emerging is not simply an environmental strategy, but a financial architecture designed to mobilize and deploy climate-linked capital at scale.

From Energy Producer to Climate Capital Allocator

Saudi Arabia’s climate finance trajectory is closely tied to its economic diversification agenda. Under Vision 2030, the Kingdom aims to generate 50 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. Achieving that target requires not only infrastructure but structured financing mechanisms capable of attracting domestic and international investors.

PIF, whose assets under management exceed $700 billion according to its most recent annual disclosures, has increasingly embedded sustainability criteria into its investment strategy. In 2022, the fund established a Green Finance Framework aligned with international standards, enabling it to issue green bonds and sukuk dedicated to environmentally sustainable projects.

Since entering the green debt market, PIF has raised billions of dollars earmarked for renewable energy, sustainable water management, clean transportation, and green buildings. These issuances signal to global markets that Saudi Arabia intends to participate in climate finance not merely as a policy beneficiary, but as an issuer and allocator of capital.

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan has repeatedly emphasized that economic diversification and sustainability are intertwined. The transition to a greener economy, he has noted in international forums, represents a structural growth opportunity rather than a constraint.

The Saudi Green Initiative and Capital Deployment

The Saudi Green Initiative provides the policy umbrella for much of the Kingdom’s climate finance activity. Announced in 2021, the initiative includes commitments to reduce carbon emissions, expand renewable energy capacity, and plant billions of trees across the region.

Saudi Arabia has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 through a circular carbon economy approach, which integrates carbon reduction, reuse, recycling, and removal. This model allows the Kingdom to invest simultaneously in renewables, carbon capture, and hydrogen technologies.

Recent government disclosures estimate that Saudi Arabia plans to invest more than $180 billion toward sustainable development and climate-related projects by 2030. This includes renewable power generation, grid expansion, energy efficiency upgrades, and emerging technologies such as carbon capture and green hydrogen.

Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman has consistently framed the transition as pragmatic and investment-led, emphasizing that emissions reduction and energy security must advance together.

Hydrogen, Renewables, and the Scale of Investment

One of the most capital-intensive components of Saudi Arabia’s climate finance deployment is green hydrogen. The PIF-backed NEOM Green Hydrogen Company is developing what is projected to become one of the world’s largest green hydrogen production facilities. The project carries an estimated investment value of approximately $8.4 billion and is expected to produce up to 600 tons of carbon-free hydrogen per day upon completion.

Beyond hydrogen, Saudi Arabia has awarded contracts for multiple gigawatts of solar and wind projects under the National Renewable Energy Program. Renewable energy investments alone are projected to exceed $50 billion over the next decade as the Kingdom scales toward its 2030 electricity targets.

Battery storage is also expanding rapidly. As renewable penetration increases, large-scale storage projects are being deployed to stabilize the grid and manage intermittency. These systems require sophisticated financing structures, creating space for blended finance models that combine sovereign backing with private capital participation.

Financial Markets and Green Instruments

Climate finance in Saudi Arabia is not confined to sovereign spending. Domestic banks are increasingly offering sustainability-linked loans and green sukuk to fund clean energy, sustainable real estate, and energy efficiency projects.

The Saudi Exchange has strengthened ESG disclosure requirements, encouraging listed firms to align with global reporting standards. Institutional investors, both domestic and international, are now integrating climate risk assessments into portfolio strategies.

This evolution is critical. Climate finance, to scale effectively, must move beyond public expenditure and become embedded in mainstream financial markets. Saudi Arabia appears intent on building that ecosystem.

The Startup Ecosystem: Innovation Within the Climate Economy

While sovereign funds provide scale, startups provide agility. Saudi Arabia’s expanding climate finance architecture is generating opportunity for early-stage companies operating in emissions tracking, energy optimization, sustainable mobility, and resource efficiency.

CarbonSifr is one example. The company offers carbon accounting platforms that allow businesses to measure and manage their emissions footprint. As regulatory and investor scrutiny increases, demand for credible emissions data is growing.

Similarly, NOMADD focuses on digital energy performance solutions, helping industrial clients optimize energy consumption and reduce waste. These efficiency gains translate directly into emissions reductions and cost savings.

Other startups are working in water management, smart grid analytics, and AI-driven infrastructure optimization. As Saudi Arabia expands renewable capacity and sustainable urban development projects, demand for these technologies is expected to rise.

Venture capital flows into the Kingdom have grown steadily in recent years, and climate tech is emerging as a distinct vertical. The combination of sovereign backing, regulatory clarity, and market scale gives Saudi startups operating in climate-related sectors strong growth potential over the coming decade.

Market Outlook and Investment Projections

Saudi Arabia’s climate finance trajectory is no longer speculative. It is measurable, multi-layered, and accelerating.

Independent market estimates project that the Kingdom’s renewable energy sector alone could exceed $12 billion annually within the next decade, driven by large-scale deployments of solar, wind, and battery storage. When hydrogen, carbon capture, grid modernization, water sustainability, green construction, and energy efficiency upgrades are included, cumulative climate-aligned investments could reasonably surpass $200 billion by the early 2030s.

However, the composition of this investment is what matters most.

1. Utility-Scale Renewables: Scale With Secondary Markets

Saudi Arabia’s target of generating 50 percent of electricity from renewables by 2030 implies adding tens of gigawatts of capacity over the coming years. Utility-scale solar projects remain the backbone of deployment, supported by wind farms in strategically viable regions.

Projected capital allocation in this segment over the next decade is expected to exceed $50–70 billion, including grid integration and storage infrastructure.

While large developers and sovereign-backed entities dominate project execution, this scale creates secondary markets that startups can serve, including:

• Asset performance monitoring
• AI-based solar yield forecasting
• Predictive maintenance platforms
• Drone-based inspection systems
• Grid balancing software

As renewable penetration increases, grid complexity rises. Startups specializing in optimization algorithms, demand forecasting, and distributed energy management systems are well-positioned to scale alongside infrastructure expansion.

2. Hydrogen and Industrial Decarbonization: High Capital, High Complexity

Green hydrogen represents one of the most capital-intensive pillars of Saudi Arabia’s climate strategy. Beyond the estimated $8.4 billion investment in the NEOM hydrogen facility, additional projects are expected across industrial clusters.

Hydrogen production is only the beginning. The broader ecosystem includes:

• Electrolyzer manufacturing
• Storage and transport solutions
• Export logistics
• Industrial conversion systems
• Carbon capture integration

This complexity creates a fertile environment for startups developing niche technologies such as efficiency optimization software for electrolysis, hydrogen-compatible materials, or digital tracking systems for carbon intensity certification.

Industrial decarbonization more broadly — including cement, steel, petrochemicals, and refining — presents another major investment wave. As Saudi industries face global pressure to reduce embedded carbon in exports, climate-tech startups offering emissions analytics, carbon capture enhancements, and process optimization tools may see sustained demand.

3. Carbon Markets and ESG Infrastructure

Saudi Arabia’s circular carbon economy framework signals growing interest in carbon management mechanisms. As voluntary carbon markets develop regionally, capital deployment is expected in:

• Carbon credit verification platforms
• Blockchain-based tracking systems
• Measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) software
• Nature-based carbon offset initiatives

Startups in this space could fill credibility and transparency gaps. Companies like CarbonSifr illustrate the early-stage development of emissions tracking infrastructure. As regulatory clarity increases, growth in this segment could accelerate significantly.

Estimates suggest that carbon market-related financial flows in the region could reach several billion dollars annually by the early 2030s, depending on global carbon pricing developments.

4. Grid Modernization and Energy Storage

Battery storage installations are expected to expand rapidly as renewable penetration rises. Large-scale storage deployments require integrated software systems for load management, arbitrage optimization, and resilience planning.

This segment alone could attract tens of billions of dollars in capital over the next decade, particularly as smart grid systems evolve.

Startups can compete in:

• Battery lifecycle analytics
• Storage performance optimization
• AI-powered grid dispatch tools
• Vehicle-to-grid integration systems
• Microgrid design for industrial zones

These technologies are capital-light relative to infrastructure projects but critical to performance outcomes, making them attractive to venture investors.

5. Sustainable Urban Development and Green Construction

Saudi Arabia’s large-scale urban projects under Vision 2030 integrate sustainability requirements into design and construction. Green buildings, water efficiency systems, district cooling technologies, and smart mobility infrastructure are expected to drive billions in additional climate-aligned investment.

This area opens opportunities for startups developing:

• Smart building management systems
• Water reuse and efficiency technologies
• Low-carbon construction materials
• Digital twins for urban sustainability planning

As regulatory standards tighten and global investors assess ESG metrics, sustainable construction technologies are likely to experience strong demand growth.

Where the Gaps Remain

Despite strong capital deployment, several structural gaps present an opportunity:

1. Localized Climate Data Infrastructure
   Saudi-specific emissions baselines, climate risk analytics, and industrial carbon intensity datasets remain underdeveloped. Startups can build localized intelligence platforms tailored to regional industries.
2. SME Decarbonization Solutions
   Large corporations may access sustainability consultants and global software platforms, but small and medium enterprises often lack affordable tools. Scalable, subscription-based emissions tracking and energy optimization tools could fill this gap.
3. Climate Insurance and Risk Modeling
   As infrastructure investments grow, demand for climate risk assessment and parametric insurance products will increase. Fintech-climate hybrids could emerge in this space.
4. Talent and Technical Advisory Platforms
   Climate finance requires specialized skills in carbon accounting, green bond structuring, and sustainability reporting. Digital marketplaces connecting experts to projects may gain traction.

Growth Potential: From Niche to Core Sector

Saudi Arabia’s startup ecosystem has matured rapidly, with venture capital investment reaching record levels in recent years. As climate finance frameworks become institutionalized, climate-tech could evolve from a niche vertical into a core investment category.

Over the next decade, climate-aligned startups in Saudi Arabia could see compound annual growth rates exceeding 25–35 percent in segments such as energy analytics, carbon accounting, and grid software.

The advantage for Saudi-based startups lies in proximity. They operate within a market undergoing rapid regulatory change, sovereign-backed capital deployment, and infrastructure expansion. That alignment reduces market entry barriers and shortens sales cycles relative to markets where policy support is uncertain.

A Capital Cycle in Motion

What distinguishes Saudi Arabia’s climate finance strategy is not just the scale of funding, but its integration across sovereign funds, public markets, private banks, and venture capital channels.

If current trajectories hold, by the early 2030s, Saudi Arabia could rank among the leading emerging-market hubs for climate capital deployment, particularly in hydrogen, solar, and industrial decarbonization.

For startups, the message is clear. The next decade will not be defined solely by infrastructure construction. It will be shaped by the digital systems, analytics tools, efficiency platforms, and financial innovations that make that infrastructure viable and profitable.

In that environment, climate finance is not just about funding projects. It is about building an ecosystem — and startups may prove to be some of its most agile architects.

From Oil Capital to Climate Capital

Saudi Arabia’s role in climate finance is not defined by rhetoric but by capital allocation. The Kingdom is leveraging its fiscal strength to influence the direction of energy investment, support technological innovation, and reshape its economic identity.

The transformation remains complex. Balancing hydrocarbon revenues with decarbonization goals requires disciplined policy coordination and sustained financial commitment. Yet the trajectory suggests that Saudi Arabia is moving deliberately toward embedding climate considerations into sovereign strategy, capital markets, and private-sector development.

If successfully executed, this approach could redefine the Kingdom’s global positioning. Rather than being seen solely as an energy exporter, Saudi Arabia may increasingly be recognized as a climate capital allocator, shaping how emerging markets finance their transition.

In an era when capital determines the pace of decarbonization, that shift may prove to be one of the most consequential chapters in the Kingdom’s economic evolution.

Kholoud Hussein 

In the startup world, speed has always mattered. But over the past decade, the definition of speed has changed. It no longer means launching fast and scaling recklessly. It means learning fast. That shift in mindset sits at the heart of what is known as the lean startup.

The lean startup approach, popularized by entrepreneur and author Eric Ries in his book The Lean Startup, challenges traditional business planning. Instead of spending years developing a product in isolation and then bringing it to market, the lean model encourages founders to build quickly, test early, and adapt continuously.

At its core, a lean startup is a method for reducing risk. It is not about being cheap. It is about being efficient with time, capital, and effort.

The Problem with Traditional Startup Thinking

Historically, startups followed a predictable script. Write a detailed business plan. Raise capital. Build a full-featured product. Launch. Market aggressively. Hope customers respond.

The flaw in this sequence is simple: it assumes the founders already know what customers want. In reality, many early-stage assumptions are wrong. Markets shift. Customer behavior surprises. Product features that seemed essential often prove irrelevant.

When companies discover these mismatches too late, the cost is high. Resources are exhausted. Investors lose confidence. The company collapses under the weight of untested assumptions.

The lean startup framework was designed to prevent that outcome.

The Build–Measure–Learn Loop

The lean methodology revolves around one continuous cycle: build, measure, learn.

First, build a minimum viable product (MVP). This is not a prototype for internal discussion. It is a basic, usable version of the product that allows real customers to interact with it. The goal is not perfection. The goal is feedback.

Second, measure how customers respond. Do they use the product as expected? Do they return? Are they willing to pay? Which features matter most?

Third, learn from the data. If assumptions prove incorrect, the company pivots. If evidence supports the hypothesis, the company iterates and improves.

This loop continues until the business finds product–market fit, the point where demand becomes consistent and measurable.

Validated Learning Over Vanity Metrics

A defining characteristic of lean startups is their focus on validated learning. Growth in social media followers or website traffic may look impressive, but those metrics do not always reflect real demand or sustainable revenue.

Lean startups concentrate on actionable metrics: customer acquisition cost, lifetime value, retention rate, and conversion rate. These numbers provide insight into whether the business model works at scale.

By grounding decisions in data rather than optimism, founders reduce uncertainty and avoid expensive missteps.

Capital Efficiency as Strategy

The lean approach also reshaped how startups think about capital. Instead of raising large amounts of funding to execute a fixed plan, lean startups treat capital as fuel for experimentation.

Small, controlled tests replace large, irreversible bets. Marketing campaigns are piloted before expansion. Features are released incrementally rather than all at once. Hiring follows traction, not projections.

This discipline often extends the runway, the amount of time a startup can operate before running out of cash. More runway means more opportunities to refine the model and reach profitability.

The Pivot: A Strategic Reset

One of the most misunderstood elements of lean startups is the pivot. A pivot is not a failure. It is a structured course correction based on evidence.

Some of the most successful companies began with entirely different ideas. What distinguishes lean startups is their willingness to change direction early, before resources are depleted.

A pivot might involve targeting a new customer segment, altering the pricing model, or simplifying the product offering. The decision is not emotional. It is data-driven.

Why Lean Still Matters

More than a decade after its introduction, the lean startup methodology remains central to modern entrepreneurship. In a business environment defined by uncertainty, speed alone is not enough. Precision matters. Adaptability matters.

Lean startups succeed not because they avoid failure, but because they fail intelligently and early. They treat uncertainty as a variable to manage rather than a threat to fear.

In an era where capital markets fluctuate and competition intensifies, the lean mindset offers something valuable: a structured way to build companies grounded in evidence, discipline, and continuous learning.

For founders navigating today’s volatile markets, that may be the most sustainable advantage of all.

Noha Gad

Saudi Arabia’s total agricultural imports recorded 18,762 thousand tons in 2024. Since the launch of Vision 2030, the Kingdom has pursued an ambitious strategy to reduce reliance on imported products by enhancing local production and providing high-quality alternatives, particularly in the fresh produce market.

At the forefront of this shift is Grove, a Riyadh-based agricultural technology startup. Positioning itself as a consumer brand, Grove leverages technology to create a demand-driven supply chain that connects farms directly to markets and households while minimizing waste and maximizing quality.

In an exclusive interview with Co-founder Mohammed Bin Ghannam, Sharikat Mubasher delved into how Grove is revolutionizing the fresh produce sector in Saudi Arabia, the key challenges it addresses, and its plans for market expansion. Ghannam also shared his vision for the future of the market both within the Kingdom and globally, outlining the key trends set to define its trajectory.

Grove describes itself as a consumer brand connecting farms, markets, and households. Can you walk us through how Grove's technology and operations enable this coordination?

At its core, Grove is solving a flavor and variety problem created by how traditional supply chains are designed. Because the system is optimized for predictability, shelf-life, and intermediaries, not end-consumer taste, farmers are pushed toward limited varieties and harvest timing that prioritizes transport and handling over ripeness. The result is a product that is often picked too early, travels too long, and reaches households with muted flavor and inconsistent eating quality.

Grove's technology changes that by turning real consumer demand into farm-level decisions through what we call a grade-to-channel system. We start by analyzing multi-channel demand, what people buy through our app, what retailers need, and what B2B clients order, then translate that into precise production planning at the farm level. This means farmers know what to plant, when to harvest, and which quality standards to meet before the season even starts.

On the operations side, we have built an integrated system that handles everything from harvest planning and quality grading to cold-chain logistics and last-mile delivery. Our software generates accurate harvest schedules days in advance based on real-time demand, and our routing algorithms ensure each grade is directed to the best-fit outlet based on quality specs and customer requirements.

What makes this work is vertical coordination. We are not a marketplace that just connects buyers and sellers. We operate as one extended system where farms, logistics partners, and sales channels share data and processes. This allows coordinated decisions across the entire chain, from soil to doorstep, so supply is shaped by real consumer demand instead of intermediary convenience.

What are the main challenges facing the fresh-produce market in Saudi Arabia, and how does Grove address them?

The biggest challenge is structural, not operational. The traditional supply chain was designed to move volume through intermediaries, not to deliver quality to consumers. This creates four major problems.

First, there is a massive quality gap. Most produce is harvested too early to survive the long journey through wholesale markets and distribution centers. Tomatoes arrive firm but flavorless. Strawberries are red but lack sweetness. Consumers pay premium prices but receive mediocre products optimized for travel, not taste.

Second, variety is extremely limited. The assortment on supermarket shelves does not match how people actually cook or eat. Generic varieties dominate because they fit standard supply chain flows, reflecting what intermediaries are comfortable managing rather than what kitchens actually need. What is surprising is that almost all imported products have local alternatives that are often far superior, closer to consumers, fresher, and in many cases cheaper to produce. But farmers do not know this, and even if they did, wholesale market brokers will not risk pushing new products into the market.

Third, there is zero transparency. Information about origin, handling, and farming practices is minimal. Without transparency, consumers cannot verify that their produce is safe or grown responsibly. They are forced to trust a system that has no accountability.

Fourth, food waste is massive; up to 30% of fresh produce is wasted in the traditional chain. When consumers purchase produce days after harvest, a significant portion of its usable lifetime has already elapsed. The result is spoilage in refrigerators, a hidden cost that makes cheap produce expensive.

Grove addresses these challenges through our demand-driven operating model. We partner directly with farmers through our Agri-Marketing service, which handles sales planning, coordinated planting and harvest, certified quality standards, cold-chain logistics, and guaranteed market access. This allows farmers to prioritize quality over volume because they know their entire harvest will be absorbed across appropriate channels.

For consumers, this means fresher, riper produce with full traceability. Our direct pathway eliminates premature harvesting, ripens fully, and reaches customers faster. We also solve the variety problem by moving the "what should be farmed" decision downstream, giving end consumers agency and input. That demand signal flows back upstream to farmers, giving them confidence that expanding into local alternatives will have commercial success.

The results speak for themselves. Our repeat-purchase rate is nearly 48%, and our food waste remains under 5%. These metrics prove that prioritizing quality and aligning with farmers aren't just idealistic goals, they lead to superior commercial performance.

How does Grove's unique demand-driven approach position the company to meet the rising demand for premium, organic, and specialty produce?

The traditional supply chain cannot meet premium demand effectively because it is built for volume and commoditized pricing. Grove starts from actual consumer demand and works backward to production planning. When we see demand for organic strawberries or specialty herbs, we translate that signal directly to farmers with clear guidance and guaranteed market access.

Our multi-channel structure de-risks farmer adoption. Premium grades go to our DTC channel at quality-aligned prices, while lower grades move through wholesale at fair value. This blended economics gives farmers confidence to invest in quality and specialization.

How does Grove contribute to reducing food waste in line with Vision 2030's food security objective?

Grove contributes to reducing food waste at three levels. At production, our grade-to-channel system helps ensure full harvest absorption; every kilogram finds its optimal market. At distribution, we harvest to order based on real-time demand, keeping our operational waste under 5% versus industry averages of 20-30%. At consumption, our produce arrives with a more usable lifetime intact, and we've designed packaging for smaller households and modern lifestyles.

Beyond operations, we are working to strengthen local production by proving Saudi farms can produce high-quality alternatives to imports. Our partnerships span the Kingdom, from Tabuk to Al-Hasa, Al-Jouf to Al-Qassim, contributing to a more resilient domestic supply chain that reduces import dependence. As part of the broader ecosystem, when we reduce waste, we are helping increase supply while optimizing the use of Saudi Arabia's rich agricultural resources, contributing to the Kingdom's vision for sustainable food security.

Grove recently closed a $5 million seed round. How will this new capital accelerate the company's growth strategy?

This is Grove's first institutional funding since we began operations in mid-2024, led by Outliers VC. The capital will be deployed across three priorities: deepening farm integration and partnerships, scaling logistics and fulfillment infrastructure, including cold-chain and regional fulfillment centers, and investing in technology systems that coordinate production planning, harvest scheduling, and demand forecasting.

Does Grove's long-term expansion plan include entering into regional and international markets?

Our current focus is on expanding within Saudi Arabia. We serve Riyadh today and are progressing toward additional cities across the Kingdom.

Finally, how do you see the future of the fresh-produce sector in Saudi Arabia, and what are the key trends that will reshape it?

The fresh-produce sector in Saudi Arabia is at an inflection point. Several converging trends are reshaping the market, and companies that understand and adapt to these trends will define the future of the industry.

The first trend is changing consumer behavior. Families are smaller, live in smaller homes, and work longer hours relative to previous generations. This has pushed fruit and vegetable consumption slightly out of diets, not because people don't want fresh produce, but because they have less time to cook, less time to visit central markets for better selection, and they need smaller quantities that don't match traditional market buying sizes. The future belongs to companies that can make fresh produce more convenient, more accessible, and better suited to modern lifestyles.

The second trend is rising quality expectations. Consumers are becoming more health-conscious, more informed, and more willing to pay for quality, traceability, and sustainability. They want to know where their food comes from, how it was grown, and whether it's safe. The traditional opacity of supply chains won't be acceptable in the future. Transparency and trust will become competitive advantages, not just nice-to-haves.

The third trend is technology adoption. Agriculture has historically been resistant to change, but that's shifting. Farmers are increasingly open to data-driven decision-making, precision agriculture, and partnerships that reduce risk and improve outcomes. The companies that can provide farmers with actionable insights, guaranteed market access, and operational support will win farmer loyalty and secure a reliable supply.

The fourth trend is sustainability and food security, driven by Vision 2030. The government is investing heavily in local agriculture, water efficiency, and reducing food waste. Companies that align with these national priorities, by strengthening local production, reducing waste, and building resilient supply chains, will benefit from policy support and consumer preference.

The fifth trend is consolidation and vertical integration. The fragmented, intermediary-heavy supply chains of the past are inefficient and unsustainable. The future will see more vertically coordinated systems where technology enables direct connections between farms and consumers, cutting out unnecessary intermediaries and reallocating value to the people who actually create it, farmers and consumers.

At Grove, we are building for this future. We are not just a produce delivery company. We are building the infrastructure for a demand-driven, tech-orchestrated agricultural system that aligns the incentives of farmers, consumers, and the market. We believe that is the future of fresh produce, not just in Saudi Arabia, but globally.

The companies that will succeed in this future are those that solve real structural problems, not just offer incremental improvements. That is what Grove is doing.