Noha Gad

Saudi Arabia’s agricultural sector contributed $31.5 billion to the Kingdom's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2024, triggered by rising production and initiatives that strengthened food self-sufficiency. According to recent official data from the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, total agricultural and food production exceeded 16 million tons in 2024, reflecting progress toward building resilient, sustainable food systems.

Despite almost 90% of the country being desert, Saudi Arabia is undergoing a remarkable transformation, actively expanding domestic crop production and reducing reliance on imports, cultivating a future where fresh, locally-grown produce is a cornerstone of its economy and food security. This shift is central to the ambitious goals of Saudi Vision 2030, which prioritizes self-sufficiency and economic diversification.

Historically dependent on imports to meet its population's needs, the Kingdom now views its fresh produce sector as a strategic priority. According to figures published by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), total imports of crops in the Kingdom reached 18.7 million in 2024, an increase of 10.8% compared to 2023. Additionally, the cultivated area of open-field vegetables reached 89,700 hectares, with a production volume of 2.7 million tons in 2024, marking an increase of 8.4% compared to 2023. 

Evolving landscape of Saudi fresh produce

The structure of Saudi Arabia's fresh produce market is experiencing a fundamental change, transitioning from a model of heavy import reliance to one of strategic local empowerment. For many years, the majority of fruits and vegetables consumed within the Kingdom were imported from global sources. Guided by the objectives of the National Agriculture Strategy, this sector is shifting as substantial public and private investments target a significant increase in domestic production capacity.

Saudi Arabia is emerging as a surprising leader in advanced agricultural technologies, moving decisively beyond water-intensive practices toward a model defined by precision, control, and data-driven intelligence. From vast, climate-controlled greenhouses to sophisticated vertical farms, the nation is redefining what is possible in desert agriculture. At the heart of this agricultural revolution is the strategic adoption of cutting-edge technologies. Innovations in controlled environments, automation, and water conservation are building a resilient foundation for growth. Crucially, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now being deployed as the central nervous system of this modern sector, optimizing every aspect from seed to harvest.

Key technologies bolstering the industry

Today, the Saudi fresh produce sector is enabled by various advanced technologies that contribute to creating optimal growing conditions while conserving water resources. These technologies include:

• Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA). Structures such as high-tech greenhouses and indoor vertical farms use automated systems to precisely manage temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide levels. Within them, advanced irrigation and fertigation systems, such as automated drip networks, deliver water and nutrients directly to plant roots. This method eliminates waste and provides crops with an ideal, consistent climate year-round, independent of the harsh external desert conditions.
• Smart water management. Systems employing sophisticated sensor networks can monitor real-time soil and plant moisture data. Also, advanced wastewater treatment and recycling technologies are becoming standard, ensuring that every drop is used multiple times within a closed-loop system to maximize conservation.
• Automation and Robotics. They play a pivotal role in increasing the scale and precision of farming operations. From automated seeding and planting robots to autonomous drones that scout fields for pests, technology is handling repetitive and labor-intensive tasks. Additionally, post-harvest, automated optical sorters and packing lines use sensors to grade produce by size, color, and quality at high speed.

Main applications of AI in the fresh produce industry

Along with the previously mentioned technologies, AI emerged as the central intelligence that optimizes them all. By processing vast amounts of data from sensors, drones, and satellites, AI algorithms generate actionable insights, moving the sector from reactive management to proactive decision-making. Key applications of AI include:

• Predictive analytics and precision farming. AI models analyze historical climate data, real-time sensor readings, and plant physiology to forecast optimal growing conditions. AI-powered computer vision by drones and cameras captures detailed imagery, which AI software scans to detect early signs of disease, pest infestation, or nutrient deficiencies.
• Smart automation and resource optimization. Machine learning algorithms dynamically adjust irrigation schedules and nutrient delivery in real-time based on plant needs and evaporative demand, achieving unprecedented water and fertilizer efficiency. 
• Supply chain and post-harvest processes. AI can predict market demand fluctuations, helping to align harvest schedules with pricing trends and reduce waste. In packing facilities, AI-powered vision systems perform consistent, high-speed grading and sorting, ensuring only produce meeting strict quality standards proceeds.

Despite significant technological progress, the growth of Saudi Arabia's high-tech fresh produce sector faces different challenges. The initial capital investment required for advanced greenhouses, AI systems, and automation remains substantial, potentially limiting access for smaller-scale farmers. Additionally, the energy demands of controlled environment agriculture, particularly for cooling and lighting, present an ongoing operational cost and sustainability consideration. Success also depends on developing a skilled local workforce with expertise in data science, agronomy, and tech maintenance, requiring continued investment in specialized education and training programs.

Finally, Saudi Arabia’s fresh produce sector reflects a broader national transformation under Vision 2030. By strategically deploying controlled-environment agriculture, precision water management, and intelligent automation, the Kingdom has turned its agricultural challenges into a catalyst for innovation. Harnessing cutting-edge technology and forward-thinking policy will enable the Kingdom to secure its food future while contributing to a more sustainable and innovative model of agriculture.

Ghada Ismail

In Saudi Arabia, where digital adoption is accelerating at record speed and competition across retail, food, fintech, and lifestyle services is intensifying, loyalty is no longer about occasional discounts or plastic cards tucked into a wallet. It is becoming a strategic, data‑driven layer that sits at the heart of how brands engage, retain, and grow their customer base.

Today’s digital loyalty platforms are reshaping the relationship between brands and customers in the Kingdom. Built for mobile-first consumers and powered by real-time data, these platforms move beyond transactional rewards to create ongoing, personalized engagement. From coalition loyalty wallets and restaurant‑focused aggregators to fintech‑embedded cashback systems, Saudi startups are redefining what loyalty looks like in a digitally native economy.

Loyalty in a Cashless, Mobile‑First Economy

Saudi Arabia’s push toward a cashless society under Vision 2030 has created fertile ground for loyalty innovation. As digital payments, e-commerce, and app-based services become part of everyday life, consumers expect seamless experiences across touchpoints, including how they earn and redeem rewards. Loyalty has shifted from being a marketing afterthought to a core product feature, closely tied to payments, data analytics, and customer experience design.

Market research indicates that the Saudi loyalty programs sector is expanding rapidly, driven by increased smartphone penetration, widespread adoption of digital wallets, and rising demand for personalized offers. Brands are recognizing that acquiring new customers is expensive, while retaining existing ones through meaningful engagement delivers far greater long-term value. In this environment, digital loyalty platforms act as connective tissue, linking brands and customers through continuous, value-based interactions.

From Fragmented Programs to Unified Loyalty Ecosystems

One of the long-standing pain points for consumers has been fragmentation. Customers often find themselves juggling multiple loyalty apps, cards, and point systems, many of which offer limited value or cumbersome redemption processes. Saudi startup WalaOne emerged to tackle this problem by introducing a coalition‑based digital loyalty wallet that aggregates rewards from multiple merchants into a single platform.

Rather than forcing users to manage separate programs, WalaOne allows customers to earn and store points from a wide network of participating brands in one place. These points can then be redeemed across different categories, including retail, dining, travel, and services. For consumers, the value lies in simplicity and flexibility. For merchants, the benefit is access to a broader ecosystem that encourages cross‑brand engagement and repeat spending.

What makes this model particularly relevant to Saudi Arabia is its scalability. Small and medium-sized businesses, which often lack the resources to build proprietary loyalty systems, can plug into an existing network and immediately offer competitive rewards. Strategic partnerships with payment infrastructure providers have further strengthened this approach, enabling loyalty features to be embedded directly into checkout and payment flows rather than treated as standalone programs.

Reinventing Restaurant Loyalty Through Aggregation

The food and beverage sector is one of the most competitive in the Saudi market, especially in urban centers such as Riyadh and Jeddah. Despite this, a relatively small percentage of restaurants operate structured loyalty programs, often due to cost, technical complexity, or lack of data insights. This gap has opened the door for startups like Mithu, which is focused on building a unified loyalty platform tailored specifically for restaurants and cafes.

Mithu’s proposition is built around aggregation and engagement. Instead of individual restaurants running isolated programs, customers use a single app to collect rewards across multiple dining venues. The platform incorporates gamification elements and personalized offers, encouraging users to return more frequently and explore new brands within the network.

For restaurant operators, Mithu offers more than just a loyalty tool. It provides access to customer behavior data, enabling businesses to understand visit frequency, spending patterns, and preferences. This insight allows restaurants to design smarter promotions and reward structures that go beyond blanket discounts. In a sector where margins are tight and competition is fierce, data-driven loyalty can become a powerful lever for sustainable growth.

Aviation Loyalty Goes Digital: AlFursan as a National Ecosystem

Beyond retail and fintech, Saudi Arabia’s aviation sector offers one of the most mature examples of how loyalty programs can evolve into full-fledged digital ecosystems. Saudia’s AlFursan loyalty program stands out as a benchmark in the local market, illustrating how loyalty can extend far beyond frequent-flyer miles.

Originally designed to reward air travel, AlFursan has expanded into a multi-partner, lifestyle-driven platform that allows members to earn and redeem miles across a wide network of partners, including hotels, car rental companies, retail brands, banks, and telecom operators. This shift has effectively positioned AlFursan as a coalition loyalty program that connects travel with everyday spending.

Crucially, AlFursan’s digital-first approach reflects changing consumer expectations. Members manage their accounts, track miles, and redeem rewards through digital channels, while partnerships with banks and payment providers enable miles to be earned through card spending rather than flights alone. This integration transforms loyalty from an occasional travel perk into a continuous engagement tool that remains relevant even when customers are not flying.

From a strategic perspective, AlFursan demonstrates how loyalty programs can serve as national-scale engagement platforms. By anchoring the ecosystem around a trusted national carrier, the program reinforces brand affinity while driving value across multiple sectors. For Saudi consumers, this means loyalty that aligns with lifestyle and mobility. For partner brands, it offers access to a highly engaged customer base with strong spending power. For customers, rewards feel effortless, earned automatically as part of daily spending. For merchants, fintech-linked loyalty programs drive higher transaction volumes and repeat visits without requiring separate systems.

This convergence of payments and loyalty is particularly powerful in a market like Saudi Arabia, where regulators and policymakers are actively encouraging digital financial adoption. As fintech platforms collect richer transaction data, they can personalize offers with greater precision, matching rewards to individual spending habits and preferences.

Data, Personalization, and the Experience Economy

At the core of modern loyalty platforms lies data. Saudi consumers are increasingly receptive to personalized experiences, provided they deliver clear value and respect privacy expectations. Digital loyalty platforms analyze transaction histories, visit frequency, and engagement patterns to tailor rewards that feel relevant rather than generic.

This shift reflects a broader move toward the experience economy. Instead of simply offering points or discounts, brands are using loyalty platforms to unlock exclusive access, priority services, and curated experiences. Whether it is early access to product launches, special dining events, or premium customer support, loyalty is becoming a way to deepen emotional connections rather than just incentivize purchases.

Cross‑sector partnerships are also gaining momentum. Coalition programs that link retail, travel, entertainment, and financial services allow loyalty points to travel with customers across different aspects of their lifestyle. This interconnected approach increases the perceived value of rewards and encourages customers to remain within a broader brand ecosystem.

Challenges Facing Digital Loyalty Platforms

Despite strong momentum, digital loyalty platforms in Saudi Arabia face several challenges. Data privacy and cybersecurity remain top priorities, particularly as platforms integrate with payment systems and collect sensitive customer information. Building trust is essential, and platforms must demonstrate transparency in how data is used and protected.

Another challenge lies in differentiation. As more brands adopt digital loyalty tools, customers may experience fatigue if programs fail to offer genuine value. Platforms must continuously innovate, using insights and technology to keep engagement fresh and meaningful. For merchants, aligning loyalty strategies with broader business objectives — rather than treating them as isolated marketing campaigns — is critical to long-term success.

Regulatory compliance also plays a role. As loyalty platforms intersect with fintech, data governance, and consumer protection frameworks, startups must navigate a complex regulatory landscape while scaling their solutions.

Loyalty as Strategic Infrastructure

What is increasingly clear is that loyalty in Saudi Arabia is evolving into strategic infrastructure rather than a tactical add-on. Digital loyalty platforms sit at the intersection of commerce, payments, and customer experience, shaping how brands interact with consumers over time. For startups, this presents a significant opportunity to build scalable, platform-driven businesses that serve both sides of the market.

As competition intensifies across sectors, brands that invest in thoughtful, data-driven loyalty strategies will be better positioned to retain customers and increase lifetime value. Platforms that succeed will be those that simplify experiences, respect consumer trust, and continuously adapt to changing expectations.

Conclusion

Digital loyalty platforms are redefining the rules of engagement in Saudi Arabia’s rapidly digitizing economy. Through unified wallets, sector-specific aggregators, and fintech‑embedded rewards, startups are transforming loyalty from a passive benefit into an active relationship-building tool.

For consumers, the future of loyalty promises simplicity, relevance, and real value. For brands, it offers deeper insight, stronger retention, and a more sustainable path to growth. As Saudi Arabia continues its journey toward a fully digital economy, loyalty platforms will play a central role in connecting brands and customers, not through points alone but through experiences that keep them coming back.

Ghada Ismail 

In the startup world, money isn’t just a tool—it’s the thing that keeps the whole idea alive. You can have a great product, a strong team, and a big vision, but without capital, even the best plans can stall.

The tricky part is that raising money is only the beginning. The real challenge is using that money in a way that builds something lasting, not just something that looks impressive for a short time.

That’s what capital efficiency is all about. It’s the ability to turn every Riyal into real progress—better products, stronger customer loyalty, and steady, sustainable growth. It’s the difference between a startup that grows with purpose and one that grows by luck.

Why Capital Efficiency Matters

A lot of startups chase fast growth because it feels exciting and looks good. But growth that isn’t built on solid foundations is like sprinting on a treadmill—you’re moving fast, but you’re not actually getting anywhere.

Capital efficiency matters because it:

• Gives you more runway and more time to figure things out
• Helps you build a business that can survive tougher times
• Keeps your focus on real, long-term progress instead of short bursts
• Makes your startup more attractive to investors who want stability, not just hype

Capital Efficiency Is Not About Being Cheap

A common misconception is that being capital-efficient means being overly cautious or stingy. That’s not the case.

Capital-efficient startups are willing to spend money. They just spend it in a way that actually creates value.

They think carefully about questions like:

• What investment will bring customers who stick around?
• Which expenses directly improve the product or experience?
• Which costs will help us grow in a way that lasts?

The Real Measure: Value Over Cost

Capital efficiency is really about one simple idea:

How much value does each Riyal create?

If spending money leads to more users, better retention, a stronger product, or higher revenue, then it’s worth it. If it doesn’t, then it’s not efficient—no matter how impressive the growth looks.

What Capital-Efficient Startups Do Differently

Capital-efficient startups tend to follow a few clear habits:

• They focus on one or two growth channels instead of trying everything
• They build a product that keeps customers coming back instead of relying on constant marketing
• They invest in systems that scale instead of quick fixes
• They avoid hiring too early until the need is clear

This doesn’t mean they move slowly. It means they move intentionally.

Examples That Make It Clear

A Strong Example

A startup invests in improving the product and customer support. Growth may start slow, but the customers that do join stay longer. When growth picks up, it’s stable and sustainable.

A Weak Example

A startup spends heavily on ads and discounts to attract users. Growth looks fast, but users leave as soon as the promotions end. The numbers look good for a moment, but they don’t last.

Both startups may grow, but only the first one is truly capital-efficient.

Common Mistakes That Destroy Capital Efficiency

Many startups don’t fail because they lack ideas. They fail because they spend money in the wrong places.

Common mistakes include:

• Chasing quick growth while neglecting product quality
• Hiring too early before there’s a clear need
• Investing heavily in marketing before finding product-market fit
• Focusing only on acquiring customers, not keeping them

These mistakes can make a startup look alive while it’s actually burning through its resources.

Wrapping Things Up…

Capital efficiency is about building real progress through intentional spending. It’s not about cutting costs or being overly cautious—it’s about making every Riyal count.

For startups, capital efficiency is more than a financial measure. It’s the difference between a business that barely survives and a business that lasts.

Ghada Ismail

Not long ago, Saudi success stories followed a familiar script: corporate boardrooms, government corridors, and decades-long career climbs. Today, that script is being rewritten, sometimes before the ink on a university degree has even dried. Across Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dhahran, Saudi founders are launching startups that scale faster than their age, exporting ideas and landing on global radars before they turn 30.

This new generation of entrepreneurs is not waiting for permission, legacy, or perfect conditions. Armed with code, climate tech, AI models, and creative IP, young Saudis are building companies that speak the language of international markets while remaining rooted in local ambition. Their rise reflects more than personal success stories; it signals a structural shift in how the Kingdom produces innovation, competes globally, and defines leadership in the post-oil era.

As Saudi Arabia’s youth-heavy population meets unprecedented access to capital, infrastructure, and global networks, the result is a cohort of founders who are thinking borderless from day one. These under-30 entrepreneurs are proving that global impact is no longer something Saudi startups grow into; it’s something they are born with.

The Kingdom’s startup ecosystem now boasts thousands of youth-led enterprises in technology, climate action, education, health, and lifestyle sectors. Young Saudis are not merely starting businesses; they are building scalable ventures that resonate regionally and internationally, backed by investors, accelerators, and recognition on platforms like Forbes Middle East’s annual 30 Under 30 list. 

In this feature, we explore the journeys of several of these founders under 30, understanding how they navigate systemic challenges, leverage global trends, and create meaningful impact, both for Saudi Arabia’s innovation ecosystem and on the world stage.

Redefining Education with AI: AILA

At just 23 and 22, Yousef Alsayed and Abdulaziz Bin Mugayel have reimagined learning through ‘AILA’, an AI-driven education platform designed to tailor learning paths to individual student needs. Founded in June 2023 while both were still youthful visionaries, AILA uses artificial intelligence to assess students’ strengths, preferences, and pace, delivering personalized quizzes, lessons, and insights while easing administrative burdens for teachers. 

Their impact has been rapid: AILA now supports 26,000 students in Saudi institutions and an additional 15,000 learners in Central Asia, after securing $1.15 million in pre-seed funding from regional venture funds and angels at a valuation of $5.5 million. 
In a recent post on social media, Abdulaziz reflected on their startup’s evolution from “just an idea” to a solution affecting thousands; a reminder of how youthful ambition, when matched with execution, can scale across borders. 

Beyond numbers, their story underscores the potential for Saudi-built AI solutions to contribute to global education challenges — from personalized learning to reduced dropout rates — while showing how young founders can attract capital and adoption beyond domestic markets.

Cultivating Sustainability: NABATIK

Few narratives capture the blend of social mission and technological ingenuity as powerfully as that of Mohammed Alkhalid, founder of ‘NABATIK’. What began with the simple childhood memory of planting a sapling in a barren over the years has grown into a climate-tech startup dedicated to affordable, technology-enabled reforestation. 

NABATIK’s platform links corporates and individuals with nurseries and logistics frameworks that enable tree planting across the Kingdom, incentivizing action toward carbon offset goals. Its model turns environmental stewardship into verifiable impact — something increasingly vital as global climate objectives stress measurable outcomes. 

Alkhalid’s work resonated with global institutions; early in his career, he was recognized among the UN Environment Programme’s Young Champions of the Earth, an honor that signals international recognition of his environmental leadership before age 30. 

His story highlights a broader truth: young Saudi founders are not restricted to app development and fintech but are pioneering climate solutions that align with worldwide sustainability commitments.

KAUST Innovators

Institutions like King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have become fertile ground for young innovators whose work straddles scientific research and practical application. In the 2025 Forbes Middle East 30 Under 30 cohort alone, multiple KAUST students and alumni were recognized across science and technology categories. 

Among them:

• Aljawharah Alsharif, a Ph.D. candidate developing wearable health-monitoring technologies that can capture physiological signals without skin irritation, which is considered a breakthrough in long-term remote patient monitoring. 
• Esraa Fakeih, co-founder of ‘Gees’, a femtech venture developing a handheld saliva-based hormonal tracking device to help women manage conditions like PCOS at home. 
• Yousef Algoos, innovating ultra-miniaturized MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) for real-time impact detection in wearables like helmets and smart glasses — technology with potential applications in sports safety and occupational health. 

These founders illustrate how Saudi talent fostered in scientific environments can transform research excellence into startups targeting global markets, particularly in health, diagnostics, and wearable tech.

Culture, Creativity, and Beyond: Molham and the Creative Economy

The entrepreneurial wave isn’t limited to tech and environment — it extends to creative industries where Saudi youth are forging global cultural footprints. Molham Krayem, known simply as Molham, is a Saudi musician who has also grown into a business leader as the founder and CEO of Beyond Group, a creative venture builder behind brands like Sand Circus and MELT London. 

Recognized on Forbes Middle East’s 30 Under 30 for blending artistry with entrepreneurship, Molham exemplifies how creative talent can transcend cultural production and evolve into global entrepreneurial success. 

His journey speaks to a broader trend that Saudi youth are building ventures that cultivate cultural export alongside economic value, positioning the Kingdom as a contributor to global pop culture and creative sectors.

The Ecosystem Behind the Success

These success stories emerge within a rapidly evolving support system in Saudi Arabia. According to a recent report issued by the Saudi Gazette, citing the Ministry of Commerce, the number of commercial registrations held by young Saudis of both genders has surpassed 474,000, accounting for 38% of all active commercial records in Saudi Arabia as of the end of Q2 2025, with sectors like app development, artificial intelligence, and e-gaming experiencing strong growth. 

Meanwhile, Public-private partnerships, accelerators, and training programs are increasingly filling gaps that once hindered startups, from regulatory navigation to hands-on mentorship and access to international networks. Initiatives aligned with Vision 2030 are systematically equipping young entrepreneurs with digital, managerial, and leadership skills necessary for competing globally. 

Yet, despite this momentum, challenges persist. Scaling internationally requires not just a strong product but understanding foreign regulatory landscapes, building global trust, and navigating funding ecosystems where competition is intense. For many founders, striking that balance between domestic roots and global ambition requires resilience, community support, and a willingness to iterate rapidly in the face of obstacles.

Navigating Challenges and Scaling Beyond Borders

For young Saudi founders, scaling globally entails confronting unique challenges:

• Access to capital beyond early-stage funding can be limited, pushing founders to forge strategic partnerships, attract international investors, or bootstrap until traction is proven.
• Talent acquisition in specialized fields like AI or biotech means competing with established hubs in the U.S., Europe, and Asia — urging Saudi startups to cultivate local talent while remaining globally competitive.
• Regulatory alignment across borders calls for flexible business models and legal frameworks that anticipate international compliance, something many young founders navigate with guidance from global advisers.

But these challenges are also catalysts. Many founders pivot their offerings based on local needs first — building products that resonate globally because they solve universally relevant problems.

Impact Beyond Business: Ecosystem and Society

The significance of these young founders extends beyond money and valuations. They serve as role models, encouraging peers to experiment with risk, reimagining career horizons beyond traditional paths. Their achievements encourage educational institutions to integrate entrepreneurship into curricula, and investors to view Saudi talent as globally competitive.

Moreover, youth-led ventures contribute to employment, inspire innovation clusters, and diversify economic narratives once dominated by oil and government contracts. Each success feeds a virtuous cycle: raising visibility, attracting capital, and reinforcing the message that talent — when harnessed — can compete on the world stage.

Conclusion: A Generation in Motion

The stories of AILA’s educational transformation, NABATIK’s environmental innovation, KAUST’s scientific pioneers, and Molham’s cultural entrepreneurship illustrate a broader shift. A generation once viewed as a domestic workforce is now a cohort of global changemakers disrupting industries, building scalable ventures, and representing Saudi Arabia in conversations about the future of innovation, sustainability, and culture.

Under 30, yet increasingly on the global stage, these founders embody what the next decade could bring: a Saudi entrepreneurial ecosystem that not only contributes to Vision 2030 but also reshapes global markets in meaningful, lasting ways.

Ghada Ismail

Smart money refers to an investment that delivers more than capital. It comes from investors who actively contribute to a startup’s success by offering expertise, strategic guidance, and access to valuable networks. These investors are often experienced founders, sector-focused venture capital firms, or angels who have scaled businesses before. Their involvement is hands-on, with a focus on long-term value creation rather than short-term financial returns.

Understanding Why Capital Source Matters

Fundraising is often approached as a race to secure the largest cheque, but the identity of the investor can shape a company’s direction just as much as the funding itself. Smart money turns fundraising into a partnership, where investors are aligned with the startup’s mission and growth trajectory, not just its valuation.

Learning from Proven Experience

One of the strongest advantages of smart money is access to real-world experience. Founders benefit from lessons learned across multiple ventures, helping them avoid common pitfalls. This support often includes:

• Advice on when to scale and when to pause
• Guidance on building leadership teams
• Early identification of financial or operational risks

These insights help founders make smarter decisions under pressure.

Unlocking High-Value Networks

Smart investors bring credibility and connections that can accelerate market entry and expansion. Through their networks, startups can:

• Reach strategic customers and enterprise clients
• Form partnerships faster
• Secure follow-on funding more efficiently

For early-stage companies, these introductions can be transformational.

Strengthening Strategy and Decision-Making

Beyond introductions, smart money improves how founders think. Value-adding investors challenge assumptions and sharpen strategic focus. This typically involves:

• Refining the business model and pricing strategy
• Stress-testing growth plans
• Encouraging sustainable, long-term growth

This guidance reduces the risk of premature or misaligned expansion.

Building Operational Discipline

As startups scale, operational structure becomes critical. Smart money often supports this transition by helping founders professionalize the business. Investor involvement may include:

• Improving governance and reporting standards
• Preparing for future funding rounds
• Supporting leadership development and internal processes

This foundation strengthens resilience and scalability.

Ensuring Alignment and Partnership

Smart money is only effective when there is strong alignment. Entrepreneurs must ensure investors share their vision, time horizon, and growth philosophy. A misaligned investor, even with experience, can slow progress and create unnecessary friction.

To Wrap Things Up…

Fundraising should be viewed as the start of a partnership, not just a financial transaction. Entrepreneurs who choose smart money gain more than funding. They gain insight, access, and long-term support that can shape the trajectory of their company. In today’s competitive startup environment, smart money often makes the difference between surviving and scaling successfully.

Noha Gad

Emerging technologies are reshaping the future of agriculture and farming in the Middle East. Advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and IoT-powered sensors, are pivotal in transforming crop scanning speeds and harvest precision, addressing challenges including water scarcity, labor shortages, and arid conditions. In Saudi Arabia, autonomous farming robots are used to sow, fertilize, and apply pesticides in a single pass, enabling round-the-clock operations while cutting labor costs, aligning with Vision 2030's push for innovation.

Farming in the Kingdom is becoming more efficient and sustainable than ever before, thanks to AI-powered technologies. For instance, predictive systems could help farmers avert up to 30% of crop losses due to pests and disease before an outbreak goes out of control, according to a report released by Tanmeya Capital. In high-tech farms, AI-powered robots have increased harvesting efficiency by 50% and broader AI-driven automation has reduced labor costs by up to 35%, addressing the Kingdom’s labor shortages and rising operational expenses.

The agricultural autonomous robots market in Saudi Arabia is seeing significant growth, triggered by the urgent need for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. According to recent estimates released by Mobility Foresight, one of the global market research firms specializing in mobility and tech domains, the market size is valued at nearly $100 million and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 20% over the next five years. In 2028, the Saudi market is anticipated to hit $250 million, driven by the integration of AI and machine learning into agricultural robots, which will ultimately enhance their capabilities, making them indispensable for modern farming operations. 

This growth will be fueled by increasing investments in agricultural technology (agri-tech), and the adoption of innovative farming practices will play a vital role in ensuring food security and economic diversification.

The increasing amount of data generated by autonomous systems paves the way for developing analytics platforms that help farmers make informed decisions based on real-time data. Additionally, supporting startups and companies that focus on innovative solutions in the agri-tech space can yield high returns, especially those that integrate robotics and automation into farming practices.

How autonomous robots revolutionize agriculture and farming in Saudi Arabia

Various types of autonomous robots transform agriculture and farming in Saudi Arabia. For example, drones are used for aerial monitoring, crop spraying, and data collection, while harvesting robots can identify ripe crops and harvest them with precision. IoT-powered sensors can also monitor soil health and nutrient levels, providing valuable data for farmers. Additionally, automated tractors can carry out planting, tilling, and other field operations without human intervention. The use of autonomous robots in agriculture is expected to revolutionize traditional farming methods, leading to sustainable practices, improved crop management, and higher productivity. 

One of the key benefits of integrating smart robotics in agriculture is that it targets labor-intensive tasks, like planting, harvesting, and monitoring, using AI, sensors, and drones to enhance precision in arid conditions. For planting automation, autonomous robots plant seeds at optimal depth and spacing, applying fertilizers and pesticides precisely during sowing, which reduces waste and frees farmers for strategic tasks. They operate 24/7 and adapt to soil data for uniform crop establishment, especially vital in Saudi Arabia's vast farmlands. Robotic harvesters use high-precision visual sensors to identify ripe fruit, navigate trees, and pick without damage, operating continuously to increase output. 

Earlier this year, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) developed a new robotic system designed to automate date palm harvesting, aiming to disrupt the agriculture industry and position Saudi Arabia as a leader in agriculture innovation.  The project, headed by KAUST Assistant Prof. Shinkyu Park, focused on automating critical tasks in date palm cultivation, including harvesting, pollination, and tree maintenance. By integrating robotics with AI, the project is expected to improve efficiency and deliver higher yields of more nutritious dates, fulfilling the need to modernize and automate traditional practices in the date palm industry in the Kingdom.

Crop monitoring drones with cameras and sensors fly over fields to detect pests, diseases, and health issues early, enabling rapid interventions and minimizing losses. Meanwhile, autonomous ground robots are used to analyze soil for nutrients, pH, and moisture, recommending precise fertilizer applications to maximize yields without excess. This data-driven approach enhances soil health in the long term, reducing costs and promoting efficient resource use in Saudi farms.

For Saudi farmers, agricultural robotics can deliver substantial benefits by tackling core challenges, such as water scarcity, labor shortages, and low productivity in arid environments, ultimately advancing food security under Vision 2030. This includes:

• Reducing costs and labor expenses by automating repetitive tasks.
• Conserving water by utilizing precision irrigation systems from robots to deliver water where needed.
• Improving yields through AI-powered monitoring and harvesting.
• Reducing chemical runoff through targeted spraying, which contributes to protecting soil and biodiversity while complying with the Saudi's green initiatives. 

Humans and agricultural robotics

The transition from traditional farming to smart agriculture demands a fundamental shift in the skills base, creating both a challenge of displacement and an unprecedented opportunity for new, high-value employment. 

The automation of repetitive, labor-intensive tasks will inevitably reduce demand for low-skilled seasonal labor. While addressing labor shortages, this shift creates a pressing social and economic imperative: the need for large-scale reskilling and upskilling of the existing agricultural workforce. Government, tech providers, and institutions could offer certified, hands-on training modules, ensuring the current farming community has the required digital literacy to deal with innovations such as tablet-based control systems, dashboards, and software platforms. Therefore, new high-tech agri-tech professions will emerge, redefining what it means to work in agriculture. The sector will no longer employ farmers, but a suite of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals, data analysts, drone operators, agronomy pilots, agricultural robot fleet managers, and agri-tech support technicians.

Finally, the landscape of agricultural autonomous robots in Saudi Arabia is highly competitive and rapidly evolving, driven by a combination of local startups and established global players who develop innovative solutions tailored to the Kingdom’s unique agricultural challenges. By focusing on advanced technologies, like AI, machine learning, and robotics, these companies play a crucial role in creating efficient systems for harvesting, monitoring, and managing crops.

The successful integration of autonomous farming in Saudi Arabia will be measured not only in yield increases and water savings but also in its transition for the workforce. By investing heavily in reskilling programs for today's farmers, the Kingdom can ensure its agricultural revolution builds human capital alongside technological capital. 

Noha Gad

Traditional top-down models often struggle to scale amid economic uncertainties in today’s fast-evolving startup landscape; hence, the shift towards community-driven startups gained significant momentum. This transformative model redefines success by democratizing the creation process, empowering users not just as buyers but as active participants to co-shape products, amplify voices, and propel growth through authentic connections and collective energy.

While traditional startups often launch polished products into a silent vacuum, community-driven ventures build their roadmap out in the open, alongside their first users.

Community-driven startups heavily rely on their user base who actively participate in shaping the product, culture, and growth trajectory, rather than serving as mere end-users. These startups build platforms or services centered on fostering closed networks of enthusiasts who contribute ideas, content, feedback, and even governance. Unlike passive consumer applications, community-driven startups prioritize ongoing collaboration, including think forums for feature requests, user-generated templates, or member-led events that evolve the offering organically. 

Community-driven vs. Traditional startups

Traditional startups follow a top-down blueprint where founders design a product in isolation, launch via paid ads or influencers, and iterate based on metrics such as acquisition cost. Unlike traditional models, where users act as passive consumers reliant on marketing budgets and virality hacks for growth, community-driven approaches make users co-creators and advocates through real-time forums, beta testing, and organic referrals. This model can increase the community engagement rate fivefold as users feel ownership, eventually reducing churn and boosting lifetime value.

How to build a strategy as a community-driven startup

Community-driven startups employ strategic steps to cultivate engaged user bases that propel product evolution and sustainable growth. 

• Clarify the community’s purpose. Identify ideal members through persona research via surveys or outreach on platforms, then choose accessible channels and launch with a small group of 50-100 founding members recruited personally. Hosting weekly events like AMAs (Ask Me Anything), polls, or feedback sessions will help ignite participation and build trust through visible responsiveness.
• Encourage contributions early with low-friction tools, such as dedicated forums for feature ideas, user-generated content templates, or beta testing invites. Recognizing active members via shoutouts, badges, exclusive access, or revenue-sharing perks will foster a sense of ownership and culture.
• Expand tactics via referrals and incentives. Introduce scalable events such as mentorship circles, expert webinars, or hackathons to deepen connections without diluting intimacy. Integrate feedback loops continuously to ensure that growth aligns with community needs rather than vanity metrics.
• Achieve long-term sustainability. Survey members regularly, refine based on data, and foster network effects through peer connections and ambassador programs. This would help startups adapt to changing dynamics and cultivate sub-communities for specialized interests to prevent stagnation.

Key benefits

Community-driven startups deliver remarkable advantages by embedding users as core stakeholders, transforming potential costs into self-reinforcing growth engines. Engaged communities foster deep ownership, yielding up to 5x higher retention rates compared to traditional models. Additionally, crowdsourced feedback loops accelerate innovation and help startups minimize product development cycles, while ensuring relevance and delighting early adopters with tailored features.

Loyal members promote the startup through personal referrals and recommendations, which greatly reduce the cost of gaining new customers. Thus, startups will no longer need to launch expensive advertising campaigns, relying on members who naturally increase reach and create network effects that add value with each new member.

Community-based startups are more likely to handle economic challenges among passionate communities that offer stability through ongoing participation. This promotes users’ loyalty and makes them a strong defense against competitors who rely on short-lived trends.

While traditional models focus on isolated polish and paid reach, community-driven startups unlock a more resilient path: turning users into passionate partners who co-build products and fuel growth. This shift significantly redefines how startups grow by prioritizing purpose over polish and collaboration over campaigns, ultimately enabling founders to cultivate not only a wide user base but also a vested community that innovates, retains, and defends together.

Ghada Ismail

For years, the startup world celebrated unicorns—private companies valued at more than $1 billion—as the ultimate success story. Over time, valuations grew, capital became more available, and expectations shifted. This gave rise to decacorns, companies worth over $10 billion.

Now, a much rarer group sits at the very top: hectocorns.

A hectocorn is a company valued at $100 billion or more. The word comes from “hecto,” meaning one hundred, and it describes businesses that have reached an extraordinary level of size and influence. These companies are not just growing fast; they are powerful enough to shape markets and industries.

How rare are hectocorns?

Hectocorns are extremely rare. While there are hundreds of unicorns around the world, only a small number of companies ever reach a $100 billion valuation.

Most hectocorns are global giants that dominate their sectors. Examples often include Apple, Microsoft, Saudi Aramco, Amazon, and Nvidia. Their valuations are so large that they are sometimes compared to the economies of entire countries.

What makes a hectocorn different?

The difference between a $10 billion company and a $100 billion company is not just an extra zero. Hectocorns usually share a few clear characteristics.

They tend to:

• Operate at a global scale, not just in one market
• Serve hundreds of millions, or even billions, of users
• Offer products or services that people and businesses rely on every day

At this level, competition is no longer only about building a better product. It becomes about managing scale, regulations, supply chains, and long-term strategy.

Are there private hectocorns?

Most hectocorns are public companies, meaning they are listed on stock exchanges. Staying private while reaching a $100 billion valuation is very rare.

To do this, a company would need to:

• Dominate a very large global market
• Earn exceptional trust from investors
• Maintain strong growth without public market support

Companies like ByteDance are often mentioned as rare private firms that come close, depending on market conditions. Still, private hectocorns are the exception, not the rule.

Will we see more hectocorns?

As technology, artificial intelligence, and emerging markets continue to grow, more hectocorns will likely appear, but slowly, as reaching a $100 billion valuation requires:

• Long-term resilience
• Global relevance
• The ability to survive multiple economic cycles

Wrapping Things Up…

In simple terms, hectocorns represent the very top of the global business pyramid. They are not defined by rapid growth alone, but by long-term scale, resilience, and influence. While unicorns capture attention and decacorns signal ambition, hectocorns show what happens when a company becomes deeply embedded in the global economy. For most founders, reaching this level is not the goal, but understanding how hectocorns are built helps clarify where real power, value, and impact ultimately concentrate.

Ghada Ismail

Saudi Arabia’s venture capital market is no longer finding its footing. It has found its pace. What began as an ecosystem driven by experimentation and policy-led pilots has evolved into a more mature, institutionalized market that now attracts regional and international attention. According to data compiled by MAGNiTT and the Saudi Venture Capital Company (SVC), Saudi Arabia has ranked among the most active venture capital markets in the MENA region over the past three years, both in terms of capital deployed and the number of deals completed.

This momentum is often cited as proof that the Kingdom’s startup ecosystem is working. Funding volumes are rising. New funds are being launched. More founders are building locally. Yet as the market grows, a more serious discussion has started to surface. Scale alone is no longer enough. Increasingly, investors, founders, and policymakers are asking how capital is being distributed across sectors, and whether that distribution reflects the broader economic ambitions Saudi Arabia has set for itself.

At the center of this conversation sits fintech.

According to MAGNiTT’s Saudi Arabia Venture Capital Reports, fintech startups consistently attract one of the largest shares of venture investment activity in the Kingdom, particularly when measured by deal count rather than absolute capital raised. Payments platforms, digital lenders, BNPL providers, wallets, and financial infrastructure startups appear again and again in funding announcements, accelerator cohorts, and portfolio disclosures.

This raises a structural question rather than a critical one. Has Saudi venture capital become overly concentrated around fintech, and if so, what does that mean for the long-term health and resilience of the startup ecosystem.

Fintech by the Numbers: A Clear Leader in Deal Activity

Look across multiple datasets, and the pattern is hard to miss. Fintech dominates venture deal flow in Saudi Arabia.

According to MAGNiTT’s 2024 Saudi Arabia Venture Capital Report, fintech ranked among the top sectors by number of transactions completed during the year. In several quarters, it led outright. While total capital raised shifted depending on the presence of large late-stage rounds in other sectors, fintech maintained steady activity across seed, Series A, and growth stages.

SVC’s FY2024 venture capital analysis reinforces this conclusion. The report showed that fintech accounted for a significant portion of all VC deals closed in the Kingdom, even during periods when sectors such as e-commerce surpassed fintech in total disclosed funding value due to one or two large transactions.

This distinction matters.

• Fintech frequently leads in deal volume, reflecting repeated investor willingness to back early- and mid-stage startups
• Capital rankings can be distorted by isolated mega-rounds in other sectors
• Fintech activity remains consistent across market cycles

According to Fintech Saudi’s 2024 Annual Report, more than 260 fintech companies were operating in the Kingdom by the end of the reporting period. The report also noted that cumulative investment into Saudi fintechs had reached several billion riyals, surpassing earlier ecosystem targets set under the national fintech strategy.

Together, these figures position fintech not just as a successful sector, but as a defining pillar of Saudi Arabia’s venture story.

Why Fintech Attracts Venture Capital So Readily

Investor appetite for fintech is not driven by hype. It is driven by structure.

According to Fintech Saudi and regional banking studies, Saudi Arabia has one of the highest digital payments adoption rates in the Middle East. Consumers are comfortable transacting digitally. Merchants are rapidly onboarding payment solutions. Banks are increasingly open to collaboration rather than competition. Regulators have moved early to create sandboxes, licensing pathways, and open banking frameworks.

This combination has created fertile ground for fintech startups to test, launch, and scale.

MAGNiTT’s sector analyses consistently highlight fintech as a category that offers:

• Clear monetization models
• Faster visibility into revenue generation
• Defined regulatory pathways
• More predictable exit scenarios

From a venture capital perspective, this reduces uncertainty. Payment platforms can scale merchant adoption quickly. Consumer finance products grow through mobile-first distribution. Enterprise fintech solutions integrate directly with banks and large corporates, embedding themselves into core systems.

Fintech also aligns closely with national policy priorities. According to official government strategies and Fintech Saudi publications, financial inclusion, SME financing, and payment digitization remain key economic objectives. Venture capital flowing into fintech, therefore, delivers both commercial returns and measurable policy outcomes.

That dual alignment helps explain why fintech consistently outperforms other sectors when it comes to deal activity.

The Cost of Concentration

Concentration, however, is not without consequences.

According to ecosystem observers and VC market analyses, when one sector absorbs a disproportionate share of capital, talent tends to follow. Engineers, compliance specialists, data scientists, and senior product leaders are naturally drawn to startups with clearer funding pipelines and higher valuation benchmarks. In Saudi Arabia, that often means fintech.

This dynamic creates several knock-on effects.

First, talent clustering. Founders building outside fintech face a tougher challenge when assembling experienced teams, particularly in technically demanding sectors such as healthtech, climate technology, or industrial software.

Second, idea shaping. Market analysts note that founders increasingly design startups around perceived investor appetite. When fintech appears more fundable, entrepreneurs may reshape ideas toward financial use cases, even when the underlying problem sits more naturally in healthcare, sustainability, or logistics.

Third, portfolio exposure. When most venture capital goes to just a few sectors, the whole ecosystem becomes more vulnerable to changes in rules or the economy. For example, if consumer credit, payment margins, or financial regulations take a hit, it wouldn’t just affect one company; it could impact many startups at once. These are risks for the system as a whole, not failures of individual businesses.

Sector Concentration and Portfolio Exposure

Saudi Arabia’s VC ecosystem demonstrates capital clustering, which carries both advantages and risks. In 2024, e-commerce and retail startups led total disclosed funding, largely due to a few mega rounds, while logistics, mobility, and enterprise software received steady but smaller investments. Meanwhile, healthtech, climate and sustainability solutions, advanced manufacturing, and deep technology (including applied AI) captured only a minor share of VC funding, despite their strategic importance. 

Fintech fits into this concentration pattern differently. While not always the top sector in total capital, it leads in deal count, with repeated investor backing in early- and mid-stage startups. Its dominance demonstrates the ecosystem’s strength but also its vulnerability: heavy focus on one or a few sectors means that regulatory shifts, macroeconomic downturns, or changes in financial policy could ripple across the startup ecosystem, affecting many companies simultaneously. These are systemic risks, not failures of individual startups.

A Market in Transition

Early-stage concentration is not unique to Saudi Arabia. According to global venture capital studies, emerging ecosystems often gather around one or two scalable sectors before diversifying more broadly.

Saudi Arabia appears to be following a similar trajectory.

Recent signals suggest growing awareness of the need to broaden sector exposure. According to public announcements and fund mandates, several Saudi-backed investment vehicles and accelerators have launched programs specifically targeting health innovation, climate solutions, and industrial technology.

Corporate venture arms are also beginning to look beyond fintech. Increasingly, they are seeking strategic technologies that align with operational needs, supply chains, and productivity gains rather than purely financial returns.

These shifts suggest fintech dominance may represent a phase rather than a permanent imbalance.

Investors and the Role of Incentives

Venture capital firms shape the startup ecosystem by deciding where to put their money. Many investment funds in Saudi Arabia were created when financial technology was growing quickly. Their teams, networks, and investment strategies were built around that sector.

Industry observers say that moving into new areas of investment requires important changes:

• Spending more time and effort understanding the technology behind startups
• Being willing to invest for a longer period before seeing returns
• Adjusting expectations about when and how investments will succeed

Investors who provide the capital for these funds, such as large institutions and government-backed organizations, play a key role. They can support longer-term projects that may take years to pay off but can have a lasting impact on the economy.

What the Data Means for Founders

For founders operating outside fintech, the fundraising environment is more selective, but it is not closed. Non-fintech startups are expected to demonstrate credibility earlier in the fundraising process. That often includes:

• Clear regulatory progress
• Pilot deployments with credible partners
• Revenue-linked traction
• Well-defined scalability pathways

Saudi Arabia offers structural advantages here. Government procurement programs, large corporate buyers, and centralized decision-making can dramatically shorten adoption cycles if accessed effectively.

In this environment, execution matters more than narrative. Strong fundamentals can still unlock capital, even in less appealing sectors.

Conclusion: Fintech as a Foundation, Not a Ceiling

According to every major dataset tracking Saudi Arabia’s venture capital market, fintech has earned its place as a leading sector. Regulatory reform, market readiness, and investor confidence have aligned to create one of the region’s most active fintech ecosystems.

At the same time, the same data highlights concentration. Deal flow, talent, and capital remain heavily going after fintech, while other strategically important sectors continue to lag behind.

The challenge ahead is one of balance. Not replacing fintech, but building alongside it.

Noha Gad

The global financial ecosystem is undergoing a quiet yet profound transformation, driven by the rise of digital assets. At the forefront of this shift are stablecoins, digital currencies designed to maintain a stable value by being pegged to a reserve asset such as the US dollar, gold, or another fiat currency. Unlike other cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, whose prices fluctuate sharply, stablecoins aim to combine the speed and efficiency of digital assets with the reliability of traditional money. 

Stablecoins promise the transparency and borderless nature of blockchain technology while mitigating the wild price swings that have hindered the everyday use of digital currencies. They are becoming a critical infrastructure layer for the new economy, enabling instant settlements, powering decentralized finance applications, and offering a digital haven of stability. Thanks to their potential to streamline payments, reduce transaction costs, and enhance financial inclusion, stablecoins are increasingly used for faster payments, remittances, and cross-border transactions.

Regulated rollout in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is taking steady moves toward launching stablecoins under national regulation, signaling a new phase in the Kingdom's digital asset strategy. Recently, Saudi Minister of Municipal, Rural Affairs, and Housing Majed Al-Hogail announced that the government plans to launch stablecoins soon in partnership with the Capital Market (CMA) and the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), affirming that digital currencies could create a faster financial system if they were developed within Saudi values and regulations.

With 79% of retail transactions already cashless, Saudi Arabia is uniquely positioned to utilize stablecoins as part of its vision to become a global logistics and financial hub. 

Experts believe that the Kingdom’s exploration for regulated, utility-based stablecoins marks a turning point for the region’s digital asset landscape and reflects Saudi Arabia’s commitment to modernization, consumer protection, and financial stability. They emphasized that stablecoins could advance the Saudi financial ecosystem when embedded in rigorous regulatory frameworks and governed transparently, ultimately enhancing payments, trade, and innovation.

Impacts on key sectors

Utilizing regulated stablecoins could have transformative impacts across key sectors in the Kingdom, thanks to their stability, speed, and blockchain efficiency. They could revolutionize the fintech and payments landscape through a foundational shift towards a real-time, programmable, and seamlessly integrated financial infrastructure. The inherent transparency of blockchain transactions, when designed with privacy safeguards, can automate regulatory reporting and anti-money laundering checks, creating a more secure and efficient financial system. Additionally, stablecoins could enable instant, low-cost remittances vital for the Kingdom's large expatriate population, outpacing traditional systems by reducing fees and settlement times.

In logistics and e-commerce, stablecoins will play a pivotal role in streamlining cross-border settlements, cutting friction in supply chains, and reinforcing the Kingdom’s position as a global logistics hub. By eliminating the settlement delays and interbank fees inherent in current card and transfer systems, consumers will enjoy near-instant checkout, both online and in physical stores, using QR codes or device-to-device transfers. This will eventually create a more dynamic, cash-lite economy where small merchants benefit from immediate settlement, reducing their working capital burdens.

Integrating stablecoins into the real estate sector will also facilitate fractional ownership of tokenized assets and attract global capital inflows. In his speech at the World PropTech Summit 2025, Al-Hogail highlighted that stablecoins could expand the SAR 300 billion real estate funds market by enabling transparent, real-time investor access to commercial, residential, and land properties. Additionally, a regulated, Riyal-pegged stablecoin would enable atomic settlements, where payment and asset title transfer occur simultaneously in a single, irreversible transaction. This eliminates the need for lengthy escrow processes, reduces counterparty risk, and significantly cuts the administrative and legal fees associated with property transactions.

Furthermore, High-value properties can be divided into digital tokens representing shares, traded on regulated platforms, thereby unlocking immense liquidity in a traditionally illiquid market and opening the sector to a broader base of investors.

Launching and integrating regulated stablecoins into major sectors in Saudi Arabia will not merely digitize cash but also deploy a programmable monetary platform that reshapes economic interactions. The transformation across retail, real estate, and finance sectors will be characterized by the near-elimination of settlement risk, a substantial reduction in transaction costs and time, the unlocking of new asset classes and liquidity, and the creation of a more inclusive, transparent, and globally competitive digital economy for the Kingdom.

Major challenges 

Regulating stablecoins in Saudi Arabia presents different challenges that entwine technological innovation with core financial and national priorities. These challenges include:

• Regulatory classification and legal clarity. Determining whether a stablecoin is a payment instrument, a security, a commodity, or a new, unique asset class is pivotal to deciding which regulatory authority, either SAMA, the CMA, or both, has oversight. Creating a seamless, non-overlapping regulatory border for potentially hybrid instruments that blend payment and investment features requires unprecedented inter-agency coordination and potentially new legislative frameworks.
• Implementing rigorous Shariah-compliance frameworks. Stablecoins must comply with Shariah principles to gain mass acceptance in the Kingdom. Thus, regulators will need to establish clear and standardized guidelines, which may lead to a preference for asset-backed or gold-backed stablecoin models over algorithmic ones.
•  Operational and technological hurdles. Regulators may face the operational and tech hurdles of cross-border coordination and effective supervision. Domestically, Saudi regulators might need to build new supervisory capacities to monitor 24/7 blockchain-based systems, conduct real-time audits of reserve holdings, and oversee smart contract security to protect consumers from technical failures or hacks.

Finally, the emergence of stablecoins represents a pivotal evolution in the architecture of global finance, offering a fusion of blockchain innovation and monetary stability. In Saudi Arabia, the deliberate and regulated integration of this technology is a modern means to advance the strategic ambitions of Vision 2030, ultimately enhancing payments efficiency, revolutionizing capital markets through tokenization, and fortifying the Kingdom’s position as a cross-border trade connection.

The successful navigation of regulatory and technological challenges will eventually determine whether the Kingdom can transform these digital instruments into robust pillars of its future economy.

Ghada Ismail

In the first article, we explored the API Economy as a global shift, but understanding the concept is only the beginning. The real story emerges when we look at how the API Economy takes shape on the ground, inside actual markets.

When a user taps “pay,” links a bank account, or signs into a digital wallet, the experience looks simple. But behind every smooth tap lies a hidden world: API gateways, microservices, integration layers, open-banking rails, and banking-as-a-service components working in perfect coordination. While global conversations highlight Stripe, PayPal, and social media APIs, Saudi Arabia’s reality is driven by a growing network of local firms quietly building the financial infrastructure of the future.

This article maps the local ecosystem, the players powering it, how the architecture works, and why Saudi Arabia’s API economy is becoming a strategic backbone for the region.

Why the API Economy Is Accelerating in Saudi Arabia

The foundations of Saudi Arabia’s API ecosystem are being shaped by three intersecting forces:

1. Regulatory clarity and open banking readiness.
Saudi regulators and banks have laid down frameworks that encourage standardized APIs, account-data access, and safe third-party integrations. This clarity reduces friction for both fintechs and API providers.

2. Rapid consumer adoption of digital payments.
With mobile wallets, tap-to-pay, and online banking becoming mainstream, demand for stable, scalable backend infrastructure has never been higher.

3. The need for speed, cost efficiency, and modular development.
Instead of reinventing infrastructure, fintechs can now assemble it — using APIs for payments, identity, compliance, or card issuance. This modularity is what allows Saudi fintechs to launch fast and scale without massive upfront investment.

Together, these factors have created the conditions for a strong local market of API builders, integrators, and specialized fintech-infrastructure companies.

Who Is Building Saudi Arabia’s API Infrastructure?

Saudi’s API ecosystem isn’t driven by one type of company — it’s a layered network of infrastructure specialists. Below are the key categories and the local firms shaping each layer.

1. Microservices, Cloud & Integration Firms: SkyTech Digital, AusafTech, Tech Polaris

These companies form the technical backbone that many fintechs rely on:

SkyTech Digital

• Designs microservices architectures and cloud-native applications.
• Helps businesses migrate from legacy or monolithic systems to modular, API-driven backends.
• For fintechs, this means faster performance, better scalability, and easier maintenance.

AusafTech

• Specializes in full-stack API integration — from advisory to testing to long-term maintenance.
• Connects systems to payment gateways, CRMs, cloud platforms, and messaging services.
• Plays a crucial role when fintechs need multiple integrations handled reliably.

Tech Polaris

• Offers API development and integration support for businesses building modular services.
• Represents the growing demand for API-first engineering firms in the Kingdom.

These firms make fintech architecture possible: without microservices, cloud-native environments, or integration scaffolding, fintech products simply wouldn’t scale.

2. Fintech-Facing API Platforms: Open Banking, Payments, Cards & Payouts

Beyond general integration, Saudi fintechs rely on API-first firms that offer ready-made financial infrastructure.

Open banking aggregators (e.g., Lean Technologies, SingleView)

• Provide account-data APIs, payment initiation, and bank connectivity.
• Let fintechs fetch transaction data, verify accounts, or build budgeting tools without separate bank integrations.

Banking-as-a-Service & card-issuing platforms (e.g., NymCard)

• Enable virtual cards, user payouts, financing modules, and program management — all via APIs.
• Allow fintechs to launch financial services without building rails from scratch.

Payment service providers and merchant platforms (e.g., Geidea)

• Offer robust payment APIs, checkout solutions, and payment links.
• Let marketplaces, apps, and online merchants embed payments instantly.

When assembled together, these API components create a “plug-and-play fintech stack” — one that allows startups to focus on the product rather than the plumbing.

How These Layers Work Together: A Realistic Saudi Fintech Stack

To understand how this ecosystem behaves in practice, imagine a Saudi fintech launching a digital wallet, BNPL service, or SME-payments tool:

• Backend architecture: A firm like SkyTech builds the cloud-native, microservices-based foundation.
• Payment processing: The fintech integrates Geidea’s payment APIs.
• Cards and payouts: They plug into NymCard’s card-issuing or payout APIs.
• Bank-account connectivity: Lean Technologies or SingleView enables account linking and open-banking flows.
• Additional integrations: AusafTech manages CRM, SMS, cloud services, and other connections.

The result?
A fully operational fintech product built in months — not years — thanks to a layered ecosystem of specialized API providers.

This is the API Economy made real.

Why Local Firms Matter More Than Ever

While global API giants dominate headlines, Saudi fintechs increasingly depend on regional infrastructure firms — for reasons that are both practical and strategic:

• Regulatory alignment: Local providers are built for SAMA compliance and Saudi banking rules.
• Localization: They understand cultural norms, payment behaviors, and Arabic-language user journeys.
• Speed of integration: Proximity enables faster iteration and customization.
• Resilience: Relying only on global providers increases risk; a diverse regional stack is more stable.

These companies are not outsourced vendors; they are ecosystem enablers building national infrastructure.

Implications for Founders, Investors, and Policymakers

For startups and founders:

• APIs significantly reduce time-to-market.
• Modular infrastructure lets teams focus on UX and differentiation.
• Choosing the right integration partners becomes a strategic decision.

For investors:

• API providers are long-term infrastructure bets.
• Their value compounds as the fintech market expands.

For regulators:

• Clear API standards and sandboxes accelerate innovation.
• Supporting local API firms strengthens national digital sovereignty.

Conclusion: Saudi Arabia’s API Economy Has Entered Its Infrastructure Phase

If the first article explained what the API Economy is, this article explains how it is being built in Saudi Arabia — and by whom.

The Kingdom’s fintech growth is not powered solely by consumer-facing apps, but by the invisible architecture behind them: APIs, microservices, integration frameworks, open-banking rails, card-issuing platforms, and PSP gateways. Companies like SkyTech Digital, AusafTech, Tech Polaris, Geidea, NymCard, Lean Technologies, and SingleView are quietly building the rails that make everything possible.

The real story of Saudi fintech is not just about innovation on the surface.
It’s about the infrastructure underneath — reliable, compliant, modular, and fast-evolving.

And as Saudi Arabia accelerates toward a fully digital economy, those who understand and invest in this infrastructure will be shaping not just apps, but the future of finance across the region.

Noha Gad

In today’s fast-growing startup landscape, founders face several challenges, most notably securing capital to fuel growth without sacrificing equity or facing rigid repayment schedules. Traditional options like venture capital dilute ownership, while bank loans demand collateral that many early-stage businesses lack. Hence, revenue-based financing (RBF) emerged as a flexible, performance-aligned model that reshapes the way entrepreneurs fund their ventures. 

What is revenue-based financing (RBF)?

Revenue-based financing, or royalty-based financing, allows businesses to raise capital by giving investors a share of their ongoing gross revenues. This model provides founders with fast, non-dilutive capital that aligns with their actual revenue, offering valuable insights beyond just funding to fuel their sustainable growth.

Unlike debt and equity financing, RBF enables investors to receive a regular share of the business's income until a certain amount is paid. This amount is typically three to five times the original investment.

RBF is particularly popular in small to mid-sized companies or Software-as-a-Service (Saas) sectors as it provides an alternative for companies that are unable to secure traditional financing. It is an ideal option for growing online businesses, especially those with predictable, recurring revenue, that need capital for inventory, marketing, or other operational expenses.

How does RBF work?

A company that raises capital through revenue-based financing will be required to make regular payments to pay down an investor's principal. It is distinct from debt financing for several reasons: interest is not paid on an outstanding balance, and there are no fixed payments.

Payments to investors depend on the company’s performance because they vary based on the level of the business's income. For instance, if sales fall off in one month, investors will see their royalty payment reduced. Likewise, if sales in the following month increase, payments to the investors for that month will also increase.  

RBF also differs from equity financing because investors do not have ownership in the business. This is why revenue-based financing is often considered a hybrid between debt financing and equity financing.

Benefits and drawbacks

When considering revenue-based financing as a funding option, it is important to weigh its advantages alongside its limitations. This approach offers a set of benefits that appeal to many growing businesses, but it also has potential drawbacks that may impact suitability depending on the company’s specific circumstances. 

Benefits

• Non-dilutive capital: It allows entrepreneurs to raise funds without giving up ownership or control, which is crucial for founders keen to retain strategic decision-making power.
• Flexible repayments: Payments fluctuate with revenue, reducing financial pressure during slow periods. This eventually helps maintain healthier cash flow compared to fixed loan installments.
• Fast and accessible: Approval processes emphasize actual revenue performance rather than projections or credit scores.

 Drawbacks

• Higher Cost: RBF can be costlier than traditional debt, with repayment caps often ranging from 1.3x to 2.5x the initial amount.
• Revenue dependence: Companies with fluctuating or unpredictable revenue may face extended repayment terms, which can strain long-term financial planning.​
• Not for early-stage startups: RBF generally requires a reliable revenue stream. This makes it less suitable for pre-revenue or high-risk ventures.​

RBF vs. traditional funding options

Revenue-based financing stands out in a crowded funding landscape by offering a middle path between equity-heavy venture capital and rigid traditional debt. Evaluating it against alternatives like VC, bank loans, and venture debt reveals key trade-offs in ownership, repayment flexibility, and accessibility. RBF preserves full ownership without equity dilution, unlike VC, which requires giving up shares and often board seats. Additionally, RBF does not require collateral or personal guarantees, compared to bank loans, which have fixed payments and asset requirements.

RBF avoids interest rates and equity warrants typical in venture debt, offering purely revenue-based terms without fixed schedules, though both target growth-stage firms.

Finally, Revenue-based financing offers a compelling alternative for founders seeking flexible, non-dilutive capital aligned with their business performance. Although it may carry higher costs than traditional debt and requires steady revenue, its scalable repayment and quick access make it an attractive option for growing companies. As startups navigate funding choices, understanding RBF's unique workings can empower smarter decisions for sustainable growth.